Bee-roh" elsewhere, named after its credited, though contested, inventor László Bíró), is a modern writing instrument. While many people attribute credit for the invention to Bíró, recent debate has arisen arguing that a young student at The University of Illinois named Miles Ford actually created a similar invention and often goes without credit. A ballpoint pen has an internal chamber filled with a viscous ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to 1.2 mm in diameter) of brass, steel or tungsten carbide

The ink dries almost immediately after contact with paper. Inexpensive, reliable and maintenance-free, the ballpoint has replaced the fountain pen as the most popular tool for everyday writing.

The manufacture of economical, reliable ballpoint pens resulted from a combination of experimentation, modern chemistry and the precision manufacturing capabilities of 20th century technology. Many patents worldwide are testaments to failed attempts to make these pens commercially viable and widely available. The ballpoint pen went through several failures in design throughout its early stages. It has even been argued that a design by Galileo Galilei (during the 17th century), was that of a ballpoint pen

The pen had a rotating small steel ball, held in place by a socket. Although the pen could be used to mark rough surfaces such as leather, it proved to be too coarse for letter writing and was not commercially exploited. In the period between 1902 and 1946, there was intense interest in improving writing instruments, particularly alternatives or improvements to the fountain pen. Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916. In these inventions, the ink was placed in a thin tube whose end was blocked by a tiny ball, held so that it could not slip into the tube or fall out of the pen. The ink clung to the ball, which spun as the pen was drawn across the paper. These proto-ballpoints did not deliver the ink evenly. If the ball socket was too tight, the ink did not reach the paper. If it were too loose, ink flowed past the tip, leaking or making smears. Many inventors tried to fix these problems, but without commercial success.

László Bíró, a Hungarian newspaper editor, was frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted in filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, and the sharp tip of his fountain pen often tore his pages of newsprint. Bíró had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. Since, when tried, this viscous ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíró, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to work on designing new types of pens. Bíró fitted this pen with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on 15 June 1938. Miles Ford, a student at The University of Illinois, after being equally frustrated with the way the fountain pen smudged his term papers, employed many of his engineering peers to devise a cleaner way to write. After many errors, Ford and the team of students created what became, in essence, the exact model of Bíró's ballpoint pen. Ford, too busy with college and writing, failed to apply for a patent. The Ford estate does not contend being owed any money, but rather wishes that Ford be included in the discussion of the origins of the ballpoint pen.

Earlier pens leaked or clogged due to improper viscosity of the ink, and depended on gravity to deliver the ink to the ball. Depending on gravity caused difficulties with the flow and required that the pen be held nearly vertically. The Biro pen both pressurized the ink column and used capillary action for ink delivery, solving the flow problems. In 1940 the Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne, moved to Argentina fleeing Nazi Germany and on June 10, filed another patent, and formed Bíró Pens of Argentina. The pen was sold in Argentina under the Birome brand (portmanteau of Bíró and Meyne), which is how ballpoint pens are still known in that country. László was known in Argentina as Ladislao José Bíró. This new design was licensed by the British, who produced ball point pens for RAF aircrew as the Biro, who found they worked much better than fountain pens at high altitude. Eversharp, a maker of mechanical pencils teamed up with Eberhard-Faber in May 1945 to license the design for sales in the United States. At about the same time a U. S. businessman saw a Biro pen in a store in Buenos Aires. He purchased several samples and returned to the U. S. to found the Reynolds International Pen Company, producing the Biro design without license as the Reynolds Rocket. He managed to beat Eversharp to market in late 1945. the first ballpoint pens went on sale at Gimbels department store in New York City on 29 October 1945 for US$12.50 each. This pen was widely known as the rocket in the U. S. into the late 1950s. Similar pens went on sale before the end of the year in England, and by the next year in most of Europe. Cheap disposable instruments were produced by the BIC Corporation with "Bic" as the tradename (pronounced BiK, not Beak). as with 'Hoover' and 'Xerox', the tradename has subsequently passed into general use. With BIC's expanding product range, the original Bic pen design is now termed the Bic Cristal. Since 1990, Bíró's birthday (the 29th of September) is Inventor's Day in Argentina.

Rollerball pens combine the ballpoint design with the use of liquid ink and flow systems from fountain pens. Space Pens, developed by Fisher in the United States, combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas pressurized piston which forces the ink toward the point. This design allows the pen to write even upside down or in zero gravity environments.

Ballpoint pens are ubiquitous in modern culture. While other forms of pen are available, ballpoint pens are certainly the most common and almost every household is likely to have several. The fact that they are cheaply available and convenient to use means they are often to be found on desks and also in pockets, handbags, purses, bags and in cars — almost anywhere where one could conceivably need to use a pen. Ballpoint pens are often provided free by businesses as a form of advertising — printed with a company's name, a ballpoint pen is a relatively low cost advertisement that is highly effective (customers will use, and therefore see, a pen on a daily basis). Businesses and charities may also include ballpoint pens in direct mail mailings in order to increase a customer's interest in the mailing. In recent years, the ballpoint pen has become a popular art medium. The immediacy of results with little or no preparation compared to many other media such as painting and the relative low price of the pens makes it the medium of choice for many modern artists. Some people also create art on themselves with the pens. this is sometimes known as a ballpoint tattoo. Due to this, and to its wide-spread use by schoolchildren, all ballpoint ink formulas are non-toxic

Some ballpoint pens are made with multiple ink colors that can be selected by the user. The most common versions of these are the three-color pen, which has black, blue, and red. Bic has made a four-color pen for a long time that also has green ink. Both of these versions work by the user pressing down on a lever, that will lock in place when it is held to the bottom. It can be released by pressing down partway on a lever of another color. The past generation has seen the introduction of a 10-color ballpoint pen. Most of these work by pressing down on a lever the same way as one would in a three- or four-color pen, but in order to release the color, a button at the top must be pressed. Colors that are commonly found in 10-color pens are black, blue, brown, green, orange, pink, purple, red, turquoise, and yellow. One unusual version of the 10-color pen that was sold during the early 90s at The Nature Company stores had scented ink.

Compared to rollerball and fountain pens, ballpoints require more pressure to write. Ballpoints lack the free flowing supply of ink that other types have requiring the writer to apply more pressure to the page. As a result, they are less likely to leak. Their robustness makes them suitable where a firm press is required, namely for carbon copy-type forms where a layer of carbon paper transfers the writing, but not the ink, to subsequent copies. In such use other types of pens are quickly damaged beyond usability. Normal ballpoint pens are widely believed to be unusable in microgravity, e. g. in earth orbit, but that is reported not actually to be the case

Russell-Ausley, Melissa. "How Ballpoint Pens Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks. com. 07 February 2009.

In this electronic age of voice mail, e-mail and cell phones, there is still no substitute for pen and paper. Even as you browse the Web, you probably have a pen within easy reach to jot down notes, scribble phone numbers, or even to doodle! Modern ballpoint pens are so inexpensive that we don't even think about them anymore -- you might have a cup on your desk that contains a dozen or so different pens that have wandered in from who knows where! Have you ever held a ballpoint pen and wondered how it works? Why doesn't all the ink come flowing out? In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we will discuss the history and technology behind these popular writing instruments so that you can understand them completely! ­

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A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938. Biro had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. The thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib and Biro had to devise a new type of point. He did so by fitting his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. This principle of the ballpoint pen actually dates back to an 1888 patent owned by John J. Loud for a product to mark leather. However, this patent was commercially unexploited. Laszlo Biro first patented his pen in 1938, and applied for a fresh patent in Argentina on June 10, 1943. (Laszlo Biro and his brother Georg Biro emigrated to Argentina in 1940.) The British Government bought the licensing rights to this patent for the war effort. The British Royal Air Force needed a new type of pen, one that would not leak at higher altitudes in fighter planes as the fountain pen did. Their successful performance for the Air Force brought the Biro pens into the limelight. Laszlo Biro had neglected to get a U. S. patent for his pen and so even with the ending of World War II, another battle was just beginning..

1938. Invention of a ballpoint pen by two Hungarian inventors, Laszlo Biro and George Biro. The brothers both worked on the pen and applied for patents in 1938 and 1940. The new-formed Eterpen Company in Argentina commercialized the Biro pen. The press hailed the success of this writing tool because it could write for a year without refilling.

December, 1945. Britain was not far behind with the first ballpoint pens available to the public sold at Christmas by the Miles-Martin Pen Company.

Ballpoint pens guaranteed to write for two years without refilling, claimed to be smear proof. Reynolds advertised it as the pen "to write under water." Eversharp sued Reynolds for copying the design it had acquired legally. The previous 1888 patent by John Loud would have invalidated everyone's claims. However, no one knew that at the time. Sales skyrocketed for both competitors. Nevertheless, the Reynolds pen leaked, skipped and often failed to write. Eversharps pen did not live up to its own advertisements. A very high volume of pen returns occurred for both Eversharp and Reynolds. The ballpoint pen fad ended - due to consumer unhappiness.

January, 1954. Parker Pens introduces its first ballpoint pen, the Jotter. The Jotter wrote five times longer than the Eversharp or Reynolds pens. It had a variety of point sizes, a rotating cartridge and large-capacity ink refills. Best of all, it worked. Parker sold 3.5 million Jotters @ $2.95 to $8.75 in less then one year.

1957. Parker introduces the tungsten carbide textured ball bearing in their ballpoint pens. Eversharp was in deep financial trouble and tried to switch back to selling fountain pens. Eversharp sold its pen division to Parker Pens and Eversharp's assets finally liquidated in the 1960s.

Today. The highly popular modern version of Laszlo Biro's pen, the BIC Crystal, has a daily world wide sales figure of 14,000,000 pieces. Biro is still the generic name used for the ballpoint pen in most of the world. The Biro pens used by the British Air Force in W. W.II worked. Parker black ballpoint pens will produce more than 28,000 linear feet of writing -- more than five miles, before running out of ink.

Shop our large selection of ballpoint pens available in a variety of colors and styles. Whether you are searching for a click action ballpoint pen or a twist action ballpoint pen, we have the perfect writing instrument ready to jot down important information. If you're looking for ballpoint pen refills, we offer a wide variety of pen refills for the many ways you write.

They may look like pin-sharp photographs - but these amazing pictures are actually drawings created with the humble ballpoint pen. The stunning pictures, measuring up to 10ft high, were drawn by a rising star of the art world, Juan Francisco Casas. Casas, 31, can use up to four 14p ballpoint pens for a canvas and his works are already a sell-out at exhibitions. Formerly a traditional painter, Juan began the drawings three years ago based on photographs of nights out with his friends. Scroll down for more.

Speaking from Rome yesterday, he said he admires the "simplicity" of the ballpoint pen, invented in 1938 by Hungarian Laszlo Biro. Casas said. "I guess it started off as a joke, to try and make something so realistic that people would think is a photo. "I also wanted to create it with something that everyone has - a Biro. I don't think it has ever been done before. "For me it's not that different from painting. I was trying to show that it doesn't matter what material you use, it's what you do with it." Casas only uses blue Bics and can get through several to make one drawing. He has just spent two weeks drawing his largest piece, which is 10ft high by 3ft wide. The only drawback is that he can't erase any errors. He said. "Mistakes are the main problem. It's better if I make them at the beginning." Scroll down for more.

Casas studied Fine Art at the University of Granada, in southern Spain, and then worked there as a teacher for six years. He submitted a ballpoint-pen drawing to a national art competition in Spain in 2004 - and was shocked to be awarded the second prize. He said. "It's a very serious, and academic sort of competition, and I knew they would think my entry was a joke. It was just on a normal piece of paper in biro. "I had previously done painting - oil on canvas - and this was something new. But they liked it, and it went from there." Scroll down for more.

He has exhibited in Chicago and in his native Spain, and is preparing an exhibition in Rome where he now lives. At an exhibition in Madrid last week he sold 60 works for between 1,000 and 5,000 euros apiece (750 to 3,750). He said. "It was a real shock that it was so successful. I would love to come to England, but at the moment I haven't got a lot of work, as I've sold everything." A British firm took over the ballpoint pen patent to make them for the RAF shortly after their invention, and the first ones went on sale in the UK in 1946. The Bic pen, a variation on Biro's original design, went on sale in France in 1950.

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In 1879 in Providence, Rhode Island, Alonzo T. Cross invented the stylographic fountain pen, a precursor of the ball-point pen. He engaged in competition with Duncan Mackinnon, the other stylographic pen inventor. In 1880 A. T. Cross separated his business from his father's and renamed his company the A. T. Cross - Pen and Pencil Manufacturer. The fountain pen by Lewis Edson Waterman in 1884 was another step forward in the development of writing instruments. The problems of ink, e. g. drying out, remained. They could be overcome by a ballpoint pen. The first to think of it was the German inventor Baum who patented a ball-point pen (Kugelschreiber) in 1910. However, the first man to actually develop and launch a ball-point pen was the Hungarian László Jozsef Bíró ( us. ) from Budapest, who in 1938 invented a ball-point pen with a pressurized ink cartridge. He is considered the inventor of today's ball-point pen. Working as a journalist, Biro noticed that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. From there he got the idea to use the same type of ink for writing instruments. Since the thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib, he fitted his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. Moving along the paper, the ball rotates picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. This principle of the ballpoint pen dates back to a never commercially exploited patent of 1888 owned by John J. Loud for a product to mark leather. At the very end of 1938, just one day before anti-Jewish laws became active in Hungary, Bíró fled to Paris before emigrating to Argentina. Agustin P. Justo had suggested to him to travel to Argentina. He gave him his signed card which should allow Bíró to obtain a hard to get visa for the South American country. only in the consulate Bíró found out Justo was no one else than the Argentine President. In 1943 Bíró obtained a new patent in Argentina and became the country's leading producer of ball-point pens. The British government bought the patent as the pen's functioning was not affected by high altitude air pressure and would thus be of use to navigators in airplanes. In 1944, a pen under the brand name Biro was produced for the Royal Air Force. Bíró died in Argentina in 1985. In 1945 Eversharp Co. and Eberhard-Faber acquired the exclusive rights to Biro Pens of Argentina. Their pen company was re-branded the Eversharp CA with CA standing for Capillary Action. Shortly afterwards in 1945, the Chicago businessman Milton Reynolds brought some of Biro's pens from Argentina to the US. With the help of William H. Huenergardt, he created the Reynolds Ball Point Pen which was put on the US market at the end of 1945 - ignoring the patent acqurired by Eversharp. It became an instant success. However, like Biro's and Eversharp's pens, they were not perfect and often leaked and/or smeared. By 1951, the fountain pen regained its leading position with consumers. The ballpoint pen seemed to have lost the battle. However, in 1954, Parker Pens introduced its first ballpoint pen called The Jotter which became a success. The same can be said of Patrick J. Frawley Jr. who, in 1949, bought from the Los Angeles chemist Fran Seech an improved ink formula. Seech had lost his job when the ballpoint pen company he was working for had gone out of business. He continued to improve the ink formula he had been working for. Frawley used it when he launched his Frawley Pen Company in 1949. Within one year, he put an improved ballpoint pen on the market, the first pen with a retractable ballpoint tip with no-smear ink. Frawley named his pen the Papermate. It became a huge success, selling hundreds of millions of copies within a few years. However, within the ballpoint pen battle, the French Baron Marcel Bich, who had founded the BIC company in 1950, began to dominate the market in Europe and the US in the late 1950s and, by 1960, owned 100% of the Waterman pen company. The Fisher Space Pen In September 1945, Julian Levy, Milton Reynolds' son-in-law, had asked Paul C. Fisher to help improve their pen not yet launched. After two days of testing, Fisher declined the offer because he came to the conclusion that the basic principle is not sound. Despite this evaluation by Fisher, Reynolds had made some five million dollars after taxes by January 1946. In October 1948, Paul C. Fisher founded his own firm, the Fisher Space Pen Company. In the 1950's, there were dozens of ballpoint models using nearly as many different cartridges. Therefore, in 1953 Fisher invented the Universal Refill which could be used in most pens. It was a good seller since store owners could reduce their stock of assorted refills. Fisher continued to improve his refill and, in 1966, came up with a perfect solution using thixotropic ink. It remains semisolid until the shearing action of the rolling ball liquefies it. The ink flows only when needed. The cartridge is pressurized with nitrogen so that it does not rely on gravity to make it work. It writes in freezing cold, desert heat, underwater and upside down (1965. patent # 3,285,228 - the original AG7 Anti-Gravity Pen developed by Paul Fisher).

Paul C. Fisher invented his pen and refill at the right time. It was the era of the space race. Astronauts involved in the Mercury and Gemini missions had been using pencils to take notes in space since standard ball points did not work in zero gravity. The Fisher cartridge did work in the weightlessness of outer space and astronauts, beginning with the October 1968 Apollo 7 mission, began using the Fisher AG-7 Space Pen and cartridge. Since then, Fisher pens have been the only ones used on all manned space flights by the USA and the USSR. the Apollo missions, the landings on the moon, the Space Shuttle flights, the Sojus flights, the MIR space station missions and the International Space Station ISS. Fisher Space Pens write in freezing cold and desert heat, from minus 34 degrees Celsius up to plus 143 degrees Celsius, as well as underwater, upside down, on oily and greasy surfaces. The Fisher Bullet Pen was featured in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. By the way. In 1960, Paul C. Fisher run in the New Hampshire Presidential Primaries against John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. Sensa ball-point pens In 1985, Boyd Willat decided to create an ergonomic writing instrument. After ten years of research, he introduced SENSA in 1995. Willat had determined the ideal weight for a ballpoint pen. He had selected an aeronautical alloy for its strength, weight and other properties. He developed an interactive plasmium filled gripped system which has a morphic reforming quality through an interdependent relationship between the contour of the inner spindle, shape of the gripping section jacket and fluid characteristic of the plasmium. The result is a reduction of the overall stresses which normally occur through writing by over 50%. The inner plasmium fluid is displaced with the pressure from your fingers. A drive system was engineered within a tiny motor house. Boyd Willat chose a heat-tempered steel for a lifetime of exacting tension. As it enters the barrel the clip turns downward at a 180 degree angle and is press-fitted between the barrel and internal motor house. As refill, the SENSA uses the Fisher Space Refill, used on all manned space flights, as we have seen above. In the rear portion of the refill a shot of nitrogen is injected prior to capping which allows for the writing under water, upside down, over grease, over photographs, in zero gravity and from 40 degrees Fahrenheit below up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit above zero. SENSA's aeronautical aluminum alloys are bathed in ultra high temperature vats which permanently head infuse metallic color particles into the metal. SENSA offers light weight, tensile strength and color brilliance. SENSA, the world's most comfortable pen was featured in the Museum of Modern Art in New York and has won the Silver Industrial Design Award in 1995. In Germany, SENSA by Willat and Fisher Space Pens are available through Standardgraph.

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A pen (Latin pinna, feather) is a writing instrument used to apply ink to a surface, usually paper. There are several different types, including ballpoint, rollerball, fountain, felt-tip. Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used.

A ballpoint pen dispenses viscous oil-based ink by rolling a small hard sphere, usually 0.7–1.2 mm and made of brass, steel or tungsten carbide.

A rollerball pen dispenses a water-based liquid or gel ink through a ball tip similar to that of a ballpoint pen. The less-viscous ink is more-easily absorbed by paper than oil-based ink, and the pen moves more easily across a writing surface. The rollerball pen was initially designed to combine the convenience of a ballpoint pen with the smooth "wet ink" effect of a fountain pen. Gel inks are available in a range of colors, including metallic paint colors and glitter effects.

A quill is a pen made from a flight feather of a large bird, most often a goose. Quills were used as instruments for writing with ink before the metal dip pen, the fountain pen, and eventually the ballpoint pen came into use. The shaft of the feather acts as an ink reservoir, and ink flows to the tip by capillary action. Quill pens were used in medieval times to write on parchment or paper. The quill eventually replaced the reed pen.

Quill pens began being replaced with steel dip pens in the first years of the 1800s. In Newhall Street, John Mitchell pioneered mass production of steel pens. The first fountain pens making use of all these key ingredients appeared in the 1850s. While a student in Paris, Romanian Petrache Poenaru invented the fountain pen. an invention which the French Government patented in May 1827. Starting in the 1850s there was a steadily accelerating stream of fountain pen patents and pens in production. Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was a Croatian engineer and inventor who held over seventy patents. Slavoljub Penkala background was in chemistry, however, he is best known as the inventor of the first mechanical pencil first named the "automatic pencil", which he invented in 1906. Penkala started a factory called Penkala-Mostero for the manufacturing of his pens and pencils. Other inventions Slavoljub Penkala was noted for was the first solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, and the first Croatian two-seat airplane in 1909. He also patented a hot water bottle, detergent, a rail-car brake, and a anode. The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on October 30 1888, to John J Loud

Erasable ballpoint pens were introduced by Papermate in 1979 when the Erasermate was put on the market.

Frawley, Patrick Joseph, Jr. ).his fathers import-export firm, and by his early 20s he was managing his own import-export company in San Francisco. He expanded his business in 1949 by purchasing a bankrupt fabricator of ballpoint pen components for $18,000. Ballpoint pens, which had been invented in the mid-1930s, were unpopular at the time. they leaked, the ink smeared, and most of them were expensive. By.

Pen ) Ballpoint pens date from the late 19th century. Commercial models appeared in 1895, but the first satisfactory model was patented by Lzl Br, a Hungarian living in Argentina. His ballpoint pen, commonly called the biro, became popular in Great Britain during the late 1930s, and by the mid-1940s pens of this type were widely used throughout much of.

Br, Lszl Jzsef ) Hungarian inventor of the easy-to-use writing implement generally known as the biro in Britain and the ballpoint pen in the United States.

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The Sumerians used wedge-shaped reed pens to cut pictorial shapes into clay tablets. Eygptians painted hieroglyphics with brushes made from marsh reeds and the ancient Chinese wrote with brushes of stiff hair. Ancient Greeks and Romans sharpened stiff reeds to a point, resulting in chirography that was taut and precise. The quill pen, made from goose or swan feathers, was favored by writers for over 1,000 years. The soft quill was honed to a point, split at the tip to permit ink to flow freely, and constantly resharpened. A monumental improvement over the quill pen was Joseph Gillott'.s invention of the steel pen nib in the late nineteenth century, which required no sharpening and could be separated from the pen body and changed as needed. Still, the writer constantly dipped pen into ink, hoping to avoid drips. Fountain pens store ink inside a reservoir within the pen, the nib thus supplied with a constant stream of ink. Alonzo Cross featured a "stylographic pen" with an ink-depositing needle point in the late 1860s, but blots and smears were still common. However, the ballpoint pen virtually eradicated messes. Ballpoint pens manufactured early in the century leaked, skipped, and dropped ink until 1950, when a new ink was developed that made the ballpoint reliable. Nancy EV Bryk

A ballpoint pen is a writing instrument which features a tip that is automatically refreshed with ink. It consists of a precisely formed metal ball seated in a socket below a reservoir of ink. As the pen is moved along a writing surface, ink is delivered. Even though ballpoint pens were first patented in the late nineteenth century, they only started to reach commercial significance in the early 1950s. Now, ballpoint pens dominate the writing instrument market, selling over one hundred million pens each year worldwide. HistoryWhile the idea of a ballpoint pen had been around for many years, it took three different inventors and almost 60 years to develop this modern writing instrument. The first patent for this invention was issued on October 30, 1888, to a man named John J. Loud. His ballpoint pen consisted of a tiny rotating ball bearing that was constantly coated with ink by a reservoir above it. While this invention worked, it was not well suited for paper because it leaked and caused smearing. Two other inventors, Ladislas Biro and his brother Georg, improved on Loud'.s invention and patented their own version, which became the first commercially significant ballpoint pen. These pens still leaked, but not as badly. They became popular worldwide, reaching the height of sales in 1944. The next year another inventor, Baron Marcel Bich, finally solved the leakage problem and began manufacturing Bic pens in Paris. Over the years, many improvements have been made in the technology and quality of the various parts of the pen, such as the ink, the ball, the reservoir, and the body. BackgroundThe ballpoint pen was developed as a solution to the problems related to writing with a fountain pen. Fountain pens require the user to constantly refresh the pen by dipping its tip in ink. This is not necessary with a ballpoint pen because it is designed with its own ink reservoir, which uses capillary action to keep the ink from leaking out. At the tip of the pen is a freely rotating ball seated in a socket. Only part of this ball is exposed. the rest of it is on the inside of the pen and is constantly being bathed by ink from the reservoir. Pressing the tip of the pen on the writing surface causes the ball to roll. This rolling action then transfers ink from the inside of the pen to the writing surface. While different designs of ballpoint pens are available, many of the components are the same. Common components include a ball, a point, ink, an ink reservoir or cartridge, and an outer housing. Some pens are topped with a cap to prevent it from leaking or having its point damaged. Other pens use a retractable point system for the same reason. Here a small spring is attached to the outside of the ink reservoir, and when a button is pushed, the point is either exposed or retracted. Still other varieties of ballpoint pens have multiple ink cartridges, making it possible to write in different colors using one pen. Other pens have refillable ink cartridges. One type of pen has a pressurized cartridge that enables the user to write underwater, over grease, and in space. Raw MaterialsA variety of raw materials are used for making the components of a ballpoint pen, including metals, plastics, and other chemicals. When ballpoint pens were first developed, an ordinary steel ball was used. That ball has since been replaced by a textured tungsten carbide ball. This material is superior because it is particularly resistant to deforming. The ball is designed to be a perfect sphere that can literally grip most any writing surface. Its surface is actually composed of over 50,000 polished surfaces and pits. The pits are connected by a series of channels that are continuous throughout the entire sphere. This design allows the ink to be present on both the surface and interior of the ball. The points of most ballpoint pens are made out of brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. This material is used because of its strength, resistance to corrosion, appealing appearance, and ability to be easily formed. Other parts, like the ink cartridge, the body, or the spring can also be made with brass. Aluminum is also used in some cases to make the pen body, and stainless steel can be used to make pen components. Precious metals such as gold, silver, or platinum are plated onto more expensive pens. The ink can be specially made by the pen manufacturer. To be useful in a ballpoint pen, the ink must be slightly thick, slow drying in the reservoir, and free of particles. These characteristics ensure that the ink continues to flow to the paper without clogging the ball. When the ink is on the paper, rapid drying occurs via penetration and some evaporation. In an ink formulation, various pigments and dyes are used to provide the color. Other materials, such as lubricants, surfactants, thickeners, and preservatives, are also incorporated. These ingredients are typically dispersed in materials such as oleic acid, castor oil, or a sulfonamide plasticizer. Plastics have become an important raw material in ballpoint pen manufacture. They have the advantage of being easily formed, lightweight, corrosion resistant, and inexpensive. They are primarily used to form the body of the pen, but are also used to make the ink cartridge, the push button, the cap, and part of the tip. Different kinds of plastics are used, based on their physical characteristics. Thermosetting plastics, like phenolic resins, which remain permanently hard after being formed and cooled, are typically used in constructing the body, cap, and other pieces. Thermoplastic materials remain flexible. These include materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and vinyl resins, which can be used to make most of the pen components. The Manufacturing ProcessBallpoint pens are made to order in mass quantities. While each manufacturer makes them slightly differently, the basic steps include ink compounding, metal component formation, plastic component molding, piece assembly, packaging, labeling, and shipping. In advanced shops, pens can go from raw material to finished product in less than five minutes. Making the ink

Quality ControlThe quality of pen components is checked during all manufacturing stages. Since thousands of parts are made each day, inspecting each one is impossible. Consequently, line inspectors take random samples of pen pieces at certain time intervals and check to ensure that they meet set specifications for size, shape, and consistency. The primary testing method is visual inspection, although more rigorous measurements are also made. Various types of measuring equipment are available. Length measurements are made with a vernier caliper, a micrometer, or a microscope. Each of these differ in accuracy and application. To test the condition of surface coatings, an optical flat or surface gauge may be used. Like the solid pieces of the pens, quality tests are also performed on the liquid batches of ink. After all the ingredients are added to the batch, a sample is taken to the Quality Control (QC) laboratory for testing. Physical characteristics are checked to make sure the batch adheres to the specifications outlined in the formula instructions. The QC group runs tests such as pH determination, viscosity checks, and appearance evaluations. If the batch is found to be ".out of spec,". adjustments can be made. For instance, colors can be adjusted by adding more dye. In addition to these specific tests, line inspectors are also posted at each phase of manufacture. They visually inspect the components as they are made and check for things such as inadequately filled ink reservoirs, deformed pens, and incorrectly assembled parts. Random samples of the final product are also tested to ensure a batch of pens writes correctly. The FutureBallpoint pen technology has improved greatly since the time of Loud'.s first patented invention. Future research will focus on developing new inks and better designed pens that are more comfortable and longer lasting. Additionally, manufacturers will strive to produce higher quality products at the lowest possible cost. One trend that will continue will be the development of materials and processes which use metals and plastics that have undergone a minimum of processing from their normal state. This should minimize waste, increase production speed, and reduce the final cost of the pens. Where to Learn MoreBooksCarraher, Charles, and Raymond Seymour. Polymer Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, 1992.PeriodicalsPeeler, Tom. ".The Ball-Point'.s Bad Beginnings.". Invention &. Technology, Winter 1996, p. 64.Trebilcock, Bob. ".The Leaky Legacy of John J. Loud.". Yankee, March 1989, p. 141.[Article by. Perry Romanowski]

A pen that has a small metal ball as the point of transfer of ink to paper Synonyms. ballpoint, ballpen, Biro

Bee-roh" elsewhere, named after its inventor László Bíró), is a modern writing instrument. A ballpoint pen has an internal chamber filled with a viscous ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a small metal sphere (0.7 mm to 1.2 mm in diameter) of brass, steel or tungsten carbide

The ink dries almost immediately after contact with paper. Inexpensive, reliable and maintenance-free, the ballpoint has replaced the fountain pen as the most popular tool for everyday writing.

The manufacture of economical, reliable ballpoint pens resulted from a combination of experimentation, modern chemistry and the precision manufacturing capabilities of 20th century technology. Many patents worldwide are testaments to failed attempts to make these pens commercially viable and widely available. The ballpoint pen went through several failures in design throughout its early stages. It has even been argued that a design by Galileo Galilei (during the 17th century), was that of a ballpoint pen

The pen had a rotating small steel ball, held in place by a socket. Although the pen could be used to mark rough surfaces such as leather, it proved to be too coarse for letter writing and was not commercially exploited. In the period between 1902 and 1946, there was intense interest in improving writing instruments, particularly alternatives or improvements to the fountain pen. Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916. In these inventions, the ink was placed in a thin tube whose end was blocked by a tiny ball, held so that it could not slip into the tube or fall out of the pen. The ink clung to the ball, which spun as the pen was drawn across the paper. These proto-ballpoints did not deliver the ink evenly. If the ball socket was too tight, the ink did not reach the paper. If it were too loose, ink flowed past the tip, leaking or making smears. Many inventors tried to fix these problems, but without commercial success.

László Bíró, a Hungarian newspaper editor, was frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted in filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, and the sharp tip of his fountain pen often tore his pages of newsprint. Bíró had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. Since, when tried, this viscous ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíró, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to work on designing new types of pens. Bíró fitted this pen with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on 15 June 1938. Earlier pens leaked or clogged due to improper viscosity of the ink, and depended on gravity to deliver the ink to the ball. Depending on gravity caused difficulties with the flow and required that the pen be held nearly vertically. The Biro pen both pressurized the ink column and used capillary action for ink delivery, solving the flow problems. In 1940 the Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne, moved to Argentina fleeing Nazi Germany and on June 10, filed another patent, and formed Bíró Pens of Argentina. The pen was sold in Argentina under the Birome brand (portmanteau of Bíró and Meyne), which is how ballpoint pens are still known in that country. László was known in Argentina as Ladislao José Bíró. This new design was licensed by the British, who produced ball point pens for RAF aircrew as the Biro, who found they worked much better than fountain pens at high altitude. Eversharp, a maker of mechanical pencils teamed up with Eberhard-Faber in May 1945 to license the design for sales in the United States. At about the same time a U. S. businessman saw a Biro pen in a store in Buenos Aires. He purchased several samples and returned to the U. S. to found the Reynolds International Pen Company, producing the Biro design without license as the Reynolds Rocket. He managed to beat Eversharp to market in late 1945. the first ballpoint pens went on sale at Gimbels department store in New York City on 29 October 1945 for US$12.50 each. This pen was widely known as the rocket in the U. S. into the late 1950s. Similar pens went on sale before the end of the year in England, and by the next year in most of Europe. Cheap disposable instruments were produced by the BIC Corporation with "Bic" as the tradename (pronounced BiK, not Beak). as with 'Hoover' and 'Xerox', the tradename has subsequently passed into general use. With BIC's expanding product range, the original Bic pen design is now termed the Bic Cristal. Since 1990, Bíró's birthday (the 29th of September) is

Rollerball pens combine the ballpoint design with the use of liquid ink and flow systems from fountain pens. Space Pens, developed by Fisher in the United States, combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas pressurized piston which forces the ink toward the point. This design allows the pen to write even upside down or in zero gravity environments.

Ballpoint pens are ubiquitous in modern culture. While other forms of pen are available, ballpoint pens are certainly the most common and almost every household is likely to have several. The fact that they are cheaply available and convenient to use means they are often to be found on desks and also in pockets, handbags, purses, bags and in cars — almost anywhere where one could conceivably need to use a pen. Ballpoint pens are often provided free by businesses as a form of advertising — printed with a company's name, a ballpoint pen is a relatively low cost advertisement that is highly effective (customers will use, and therefore see, a pen on a daily basis). Businesses and charities may also include ballpoint pens in direct mail mailings in order to increase a customer's interest in the mailing. In recent years, the ballpoint pen has become a popular art medium. The immediacy of results with little or no preparation compared to many other media such as painting and the relative low price of the pens makes it the medium of choice for many modern artists. Some people also create art on themselves with the pens. this is sometimes known as a ballpoint tattoo. Due to this, and to its wide-spread use by schoolchildren, all ballpoint ink formulas are non-toxic

Some ballpoint pens are made with multiple ink colors that can be selected by the user. The most common versions of these are the three-color pen, which has black, blue, and red. Bic has made a four-color pen for a long time that also has green ink. Both of these versions work by the user pressing down on a lever, that will lock in place when it is held to the bottom. It can be released by pressing down partway on a lever of another color. The past generation has seen the introduction of a 10-color ballpoint pen. Most of these work by pressing down on a lever the same way as one would in a three- or four-color pen, but in order to release the color, a button at the top must be pressed. Colors that are commonly found in 10-color pens are black, blue, brown, green, orange, pink, purple, red, turquoise, and yellow. One unusual version of the 10-color pen that was sold during the early 90s at The Nature Company stores had scented ink.

Compared to rollerball and fountain pens, ballpoints require more pressure to write. Ballpoints lack the free flowing supply of ink that other types have requiring the writer to apply more pressure to the page. As a result, they are less likely to leak. Their robustness makes them suitable where a firm press is required, namely for carbon copy-type forms where a layer of carbon paper transfers the writing, but not the ink, to subsequent copies. In such use other types of pens are quickly damaged beyond usability. Normal ballpoint pens are widely believed to be unusable in microgravity, e. g. in earth orbit, but that is reported not actually to be the case

Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Ballpoint pen".

A ball point pen is a pen that uses a small rotating ball made of brass, steel, or tungsten carbide to disperse ink as you write. All of the pens that preceded the ballpoint -- whether quill, metal or fountain -- used a watery, dark india ink that fed through the pen using capillary action. The problems with this technology include.

A mechanism for getting the ink onto the paper The ball is located in between the ink reservoir and the paper by a socket, and while it's in tight, it has enough room to roll around as you write. As the pen moves across the paper, the ball turns and gravity forces the ink down the reservoir and onto the ball where it is transferred onto the paper. It's this rolling mechanism that allows the ink to flow onto the top of the ball and roll onto the paper you're writing on, while at the same time sealing the ink from the air so it does not dry in the reservoir. Because the tip of a normal ballpoint pen is so tiny, it is hard to visualize how the ball and socket actually work. One way to understand it clearly is to look at a bottle of roll-on anti-perspirant, which uses the same technology at a much larger scale! The typical container of roll-on has the same problems a ballpoint pen does -- it wants to keep air out of the liquid anti-perspirant while at the same time making it easy to apply. At this scale it is easy to see how the mechanism works. Here's a shot of the ball end of a typical roll-on.

A ballpoint pen works exactly the same way. The tiny ball is held in a socket, and the back of the ball is exposed so it can pick up ink from the reservoir. The ball fits into the socket with just enough space to move freely.

Sensa Pens - Ballpoint Pen for Women Overstock Sensa Pens. Let us choose the color. We'll send you a Woman's color Sensa ballpoint at the closeout price of $19.95

BiC Velocity Retractable Ballpoint Pen Retractable medium ballpoint pens offer contoured grips for comfort and control. Barrels feature bright translucent colors. Convenient clips attach to.

Refill - black ballpoint pen (5 pack) Simplify your desk with this innovative ruler pen that features an orange highlighter, a black ballpoint pen, a pencil and a PDA stylus all in one. To.

[] Think Bics are only for writing? Think again! Enpieza have made an interesting chandelier called Volivik using ballpoint pens. It gives a nice constellated lighting effect but the fact that the pens are still new makes me cringe a bit. []

[] Volivik Lamp by Enpezia. Clear and classy chandelier made from recycled Bic Ballpoint pens. Via Inhabitat []

I thought I would add one of these to my order because it was so cheap. I received it and took it to work with me. Unfortunately, I was not prepared for the consequences of my actions. The pen itself is nice. It writes smoothly. It is also small enough to fit in the middle of my spiral notebook rings, while the useful little tab on the lid keeps it from sliding in where I cannot get it out (like those crummy pencils without caps). It made my life decidedly simpler. (It is as if I am only carrying one item, instead of two!) However, I was just getting comfortable with it when I was sharing my meeting notes with a coworker. Turns out that this pen writes in British English, not American English! He laughed, then took my notes and showed them to the person next to him. Pretty soon they were all laughing at how I had added an extra "l" to labeling and labeled. They mocked my use of an "s" instead of a "z" in realize. They couldn't understand why I had added a "u" after the "o" in words such as flavor, color and odor. And don't even get me started on the "e" I added at the end of gelatin and glycerin. Now all my coworkers think I am an imbecile. But it's because my Bic Crystal ballpoint pen has been set to English (U. K.) and I can't figure out how to get it to English (U. S.)!

I first began using the Bic Cristal ballpoint pen after seeing a televised demonstration showing that it would continue to write even after being fired from the muzzle of a shotgun into a wooden board. Although as a mountaineer and rock climber I had a soft spot for Mont Blanc fountain pens, I found that they did not fare well after significant falls. Also, I discovered that, unlike other pens - ballpoints or fountain pens - the Bic had another unique advantage for a person in my profession. Occasionally, in particularly cold conditions, when the ink failed to flow, the nib of the Bic Cristal could be placed directly in the flame of a Bic cigarette lighter, and at the flick of a Bic, I was able to continue writing my log. Unfortunately, things have changed. Apparently, the survivability of the Bic Cristal ballpoint was ascribable to the fact that the tungsten carbide ball was held in a tip made entirely of brass. Nowadays, only the the lower end is brass, while the upper section of the tip housing is plastic. I have had poor results trying to heat the tip without melting it, and I have particularly poor results trying to write after shooting a Bic through a plank of wood. This has led me to saving old Bic nibs for reuse, but removing the new plastic nibs and replacing them with the old nibs tends to get very messy. While, under extreme conditons, the nib of the new Bic Cristal in not as trusty a companion as its predecssor, nevertheless, I do acknowlege that that the barrel of the Bic Cristal remains as useful as ever in performing emergency tracheotomies.

PhD Multi. Large, cushioned triangular grip for comfort, control and reduced writing fatigue is endorsed by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Stylus, ballpoint pen, and 0.5mm mechanical pencil all in one.

A ballpoint pen is a writing instrument which features a tip that is automatically refreshed with ink. It consists of a precisely formed metal ball seated in a socket below a reservoir of ink. As the pen is moved along a writing surface, ink is delivered. Even though ballpoint pens were first patented in the late nineteenth century, they only started to reach commercial significance in the early 1950s. Now, ballpoint pens dominate the writing instrument market, selling over one hundred million pens each year worldwide.

While the idea of a ballpoint pen had been around for many years, it took three different inventors and almost 60 years to develop this modern writing instrument. The first patent for this invention was issued on October 30, 1888, to a man named John J. Loud. His ballpoint pen consisted of a tiny rotating ball bearing that was constantly coated with ink by a reservoir above it. While this invention worked, it was not well suited for paper because it leaked and caused smearing. Two other inventors, Ladislas Biro and his brother Georg, improved on Loud'.s invention and patented their own version, which became the first commercially significant ballpoint pen. These pens still leaked, but not as badly. They became popular worldwide, reaching the height of sales in 1944. The next year another inventor, Baron Marcel Bich, finally solved the leakage problem and began manufacturing Bic pens in Paris. Over the years, many improvements have been made in the technology and quality of the various parts of the pen, such as the ink, the ball, the reservoir, and the body.

The ballpoint pen was developed as a solution to the problems related to writing with a fountain pen. Fountain pens require the user to constantly refresh the pen by dipping its tip in ink. This is not necessary with a ballpoint pen because it is designed with its own ink reservoir, which uses capillary action to keep the ink from leaking out. At the tip of the pen is a freely rotating ball seated in a socket. Only part of this ball is exposed. the rest of it is on the inside of the pen and is constantly being bathed by ink from the reservoir. Pressing the tip of the pen on the writing surface causes the ball to roll. This rolling action then transfers ink from the inside of the pen to the writing surface. While different designs of ballpoint pens are available, many of the components are the same. Common components include a ball, a point, ink, an ink reservoir or cartridge, and an outer housing. Some pens are topped with a cap to prevent it from leaking or having its point damaged. Other pens use a retractable point system for the same reason. Here a small spring is attached to the outside of the ink reservoir, and when a button is pushed, the point is either exposed or retracted. Still other varieties of ballpoint pens have multiple ink cartridges, making it possible to write in different colors using one pen. Other pens have refillable ink cartridges. One type of pen has a pressurized cartridge that enables the user to write underwater, over grease, and in space.

A variety of raw materials are used for making the components of a ballpoint pen, including metals, plastics, and other chemicals. When ballpoint pens were first developed, an ordinary steel ball was used. That ball has since been replaced by a textured tungsten carbide ball. This material is superior because it is particularly resistant to deforming. The ball is designed to be a perfect sphere that can literally grip most any writing surface. Its surface is actually composed of over 50,000 polished surfaces and pits. The pits are connected by a series of channels that are continuous throughout the entire sphere. This design allows the ink to be present on both the surface and interior of the ball. The points of most ballpoint pens are made out of brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. This material is used because of its strength, resistance to corrosion, appealing appearance, and ability to be easily formed. Other parts, like the ink cartridge, the body, or the spring can also be made with brass. Aluminum is also used in some cases to make the pen body, and stainless steel can be used to make pen components. Precious metals such as gold, silver, or platinum are plated onto more expensive pens. The ink can be specially made by the pen manufacturer. To be useful in a ballpoint pen, the ink must be slightly thick, slow drying in the reservoir, and free of particles. These characteristics ensure that the ink continues to flow to the paper without clogging the ball. When the ink is on the paper, rapid drying occurs via penetration and some evaporation. In an ink formulation, various pigments and dyes are used to provide the color. Other materials, such as lubricants, surfactants, thickeners, and preservatives, are also incorporated. These ingredients are typically dispersed in materials such as oleic acid, castor oil, or a sulfonamide plasticizer.

A 1963 plastic and metal ballpoint pen commemorating the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Jr.

The Sumerians used wedge-shaped reed pens to cut pictorial shapes into clay tablets. Eygptians painted hieroglyphics with brushes made from marsh reeds and the ancient Chinese wrote with brushes of stiff hair. Ancient Greeks and Romans sharpened stiff reeds to a point, resulting in chirography that was taut and precise. The quill pen, made from goose or swan feathers, was favored by writers for over 1,000 years. The soft quill was honed to a point, split at the tip to permit ink to flow freely, and constantly resharpened. A monumental improvement over the quill pen was Joseph Gillott'.s invention of the steel pen nib in the late nineteenth century, which required no sharpening and could be separated from the pen body and changed as needed. Still, the writer constantly dipped pen into ink, hoping to avoid drips. Fountain pens store ink inside a reservoir within the pen, the nib thus supplied with a constant stream of ink. Alonzo Cross featured a "stylographic pen" with an ink-depositing needle point in the late 1860s, but blots and smears were still common. However, the ballpoint pen virtually eradicated messes. Ballpoint pens manufactured early in the century leaked, skipped, and dropped ink until 1950, when a new ink was developed that made the ballpoint reliable. Nancy EV Bryk

Plastics have become an important raw material in ballpoint pen manufacture. They have the advantage of being easily formed, lightweight, corrosion resistant, and inexpensive. They are primarily used to form the body of the pen, but are also used to make the ink cartridge, the push button, the cap, and part of the tip. Different kinds of plastics are used, based on their physical characteristics. Thermosetting plastics, like phenolic resins, which remain permanently hard after being formed and cooled, are typically used in constructing the body, cap, and other pieces. Thermoplastic materials remain flexible. These include materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and

Ballpoint pens are made to order in mass quantities. While each manufacturer makes them slightly differently, the basic steps include ink compounding, metal component formation, plastic component molding, piece assembly, packaging, labeling, and shipping. In advanced shops, pens can go from raw material to finished product in less than five minutes.

Ballpoint pen technology has improved greatly since the time of Loud'.s first patented invention. Future research will focus on developing new inks and better designed pens that are more comfortable and longer lasting. Additionally, manufacturers will strive to produce higher quality products at the lowest possible cost. One trend that will continue will be the development of materials and processes which use metals and plastics that have undergone a minimum of processing from their normal state. This should minimize waste, increase production speed, and reduce the final cost of the pens.

A 50-year-old lock design was rendered useless last week when a brief post to an internet forum revealed the lock can be popped open with a cheap plastic pen. On Sunday, bike enthusiast and network security consultant Chris Brennan described opening an expensive Kryptonite bike lock using a ballpoint pen. "Your brand new U-Lock is not safe," warned Brennan in a note posted to Bike Forums. Wired News tested Brennan's claims. A brand new Kryptonite Evolution 2000 was opened in seconds using a Bic pen. After cutting four small slits in the end of the pen's barrel to ease it in, the lock opened with a single twist. Brennan, 25, of San Francisco, said he successfully opened two Kryptonite locks, an Evolution 2000 and an older Kryptonite Mini lock. Subsequent posts to Bike Forums and other websites report the vulnerability applies to many of the company's cylindrical-lock products, including some from Kryptonite's vaunted New York series.

Waterman Hemisphere ballpoint pen with a micro-particle lacquered finish that softly reflects and captures light produces the rich, deep, vibrant red with modern chromed trims. Refillable black ink. Lifetime warranty.

This reminds me of the Power Computing PPC systems, which had NMI buttons on the front for debugging purposes, and of AGP, which uses what used to be the ISA position to share a space with a PCI slot. Meanwhile, we've progressed from using ballpoint pens on ISA slots to using pencils on the CPU itself. one of the overclocking tricks is to use pencil markings to short the cut traces on Athlon CPU packaging, thus unlocking the CPU frequency multiplier. Raymond, are you sure you need hardware to be 'misbehaving' to block NMIs? Setting the top bit of I/O port 70h is supposed to have that effect without an actual malfunction. (Various other things could also stop the NMI handler firing as expected, of course. trashing the stack it tries to use, installing your own NMI handler in its place, corrupting the handler code.)

Thursday, February 01, 2007 12.17 PM by Meandering Bits Blog Archive Good Ideas, Cool Photos and Odd Uses for Ballpoint Pens

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Il Lee will be showing his ballpoint pen art at The Queens Museum of Art in New York in July. It's good to see the humble ballpoint pen getting some love from artists. You see it used for doodles, but finished works on canvas don't often list "ball point pens" as a medium.

Yeah, he must go through some pens. It would be a perfect opportunity for the maker of pens to sponsor his art. Ballpoint pen art powered by BIC!.. the pen that keeps going.. and going. I should be in marketing or advertising..lol.

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I am writing these notes in the Soyuz with a cheap ballpoint pen. Why is that important? As it happens, I've been working in space programmes for seventeen years, eleven of these as an astronaut, and I've always believed, because that is what I've always been told, that normal ballpoint pens don't work in space. "The ink doesn't fall", they said. "Just try for a moment writing face down with a ballpoint pen and you will see I'm right", they said. During my first flight I took with me one of those very expensive ballpoint pens with a pressure ink cartridge, the same as the other Shuttle astronauts. But the other day I was with my Soyuz instructor and I saw he was preparing the books for the flight, and he was attaching a ballpoint pen with a string for us to write once we were in orbit. Seeing my astonishment, he told me the Russians have always used ballpoint pens in space.

So I also took one of our ballpoint pens, courtesy of the European Space Agency (just in case Russian ballpoint pens are special), and here I am, it doesn't stop working and it doesn't 'spit' or anything. Sometimes being too cautious keeps you from trying, and therefore things are built more complex than necessary. But that was not the topic of this message. From a height of 215 km (it's 11.07 Moscow time right now) the clouds look gorgeous, with a three-dimensional quality that I couldn't see the previous time from 550 km.

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-- when lszl br saw a ball rolling through a puddle on the street and leaving a trail of water behind it, he conceived an idea that would go on to change everyday life forever. based on what he had seen, the hungarian journalist along with his brother georg, began to work on the first commercially successful ballpoint pen. --- a brief history br had become frustrated by the time spent filling-up fountain pens and waiting for the ink to dry. he had seaen that the ink used to print newspapers dried much quicker and so decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. in 1938 the br brothers patented a design which featured a tiny ball in its tip, which turned freely in a socket. as the ball moved along the paper it rotated, picking up ink from the cartridge and leaving it on the paper. whilst ballpoint pens had existed in the past - none had proved very popular due to constant problems with clogging, leakage and ink distribution - the br's, was the first pen that significantly overcame these problems. after relocating to argentina in 1940 the brs licensed their design to a number of makers in the US and britain but it was almost ten years later when the design was mastered and introduced to the rest of the world. marcel bich a french pen manufacturer who had bought the ballpoint pen patent from lszl br - ironed out the remaining design problems (mainly ink distribution) and began huge, low cost mass prodctions of the 'bic crystal'. it's not surprising to hear that in 2005 bic sold its one hundred billionth pen, when you consider just how many of their pens you might have owned, borrowed or even stolen. --- designboom competition entries at the same time as being a icon of democracy - almost anyone can afford to buy one - the ballpoint pen is also one of the first products of the throw-away culture in which we now live. in some instances the ballpoint pen has been used for much more than the initial scribbling-down of an idea. the 'bic pen' has seen numerous incarnations in recent years - in more than one of designboom's competitions, participants have decided to transform the iconic writer. one of the ex-equo winners of the macef award 2008 - dining in 2015, was 'din-ink' by andrea cingoli, paolo emilio bellisario, cristian cellini and francesca fontana from italy. the design sees pen-lids integrated with cutlery allowing the user to transform their writing tools into a knife, fork and spoon. finally there is a good excuse for when you're caught gnawing on the end of your pen! another designboom competition entry which used the 'bic pen' was giffin termeers 'dasiy vase'. developed for the macef award 2004 - H2O_on the table, the american design duo blow-mold the pens by hand. as the plastic becomes flexible its stretches allowing the vase to sit naturally. since its initial competition success the 'daisy vase' has been shown at designboom marts, and can also be purchased online from the designboom shop. bic pens have found their way into the work of several other designers and would-be inventors. from maneuverable lighting and chandeliers to candy and weaponry - more 'bic pen' projects are featured (right) here.

A ballpoint pen (also called a biro - pronounced "BY-roe" - in British English after its inventor László Bíró), is a modern kind of pen for writing. The ink is inside a long, thin unit inside the pen. When a person writes with it, the ink comes onto the small, ball-shaped tip of the unit. The ink dries almost as soon as it is on the paper. Before the ballpoint pen was invented people usually wrote with pens which were dipped into ink, or fountain pens which were filled with ink whenever the ink was all used up. When the ballpoint pen was invented, many people thought they were bad things to use because people's handwriting was not so good. Children in schools had to continue to use ordinary ink pens. However, ballpoint pens were improved, and they are much easier to use than pens that need to be dipped in ink, so almost everybody writes with them now. The inventor László Bíró registered his invention of the ballpoint pen in 1938. There are two kinds of ballpoint pens. disposable pens (ones that can be thrown away) are extremely cheap. They are made almost entirely of plastic. They can be thrown away once all the ink is used up. refillable pens are of better quality and cost more. The unit which has the ink in it, and includes the ball-shaped tip, can be replaced fairly cheaply.

Russell-Ausley, Melissa. "How Ballpoint Pens Work." 01 April 2000. HowStuffWorks. com. 09 February 2009.

It would let ink flow out of the pen at a controlled rate. In June 1943, Biro and his brother Georg, a chemist, took out a new patent with the European Patent Office and made the first commercial models, Biro pens. Later, the British government bought the rights to the patented pens so that the pens could be used by Royal Air Force crews. In addition to being sturdier than conventional fountain pens, ballpoint pens wrote at high altitudes with reduced pressure (conventional fountain pens flooded at high altitudes). Their successful performance for the Royal Air Force brought the Biro pen into the limelight, and during World War II the ballpoint pen was widely used by the military because of its toughness and ability to survive the battle environment. In the United States, the first successful, commercially produced ballpoint pen to replace the then-common fountain pen was introduced by Milton Reynolds in 1945. It used a tiny ball that rolled heavy, gelatin-consistency ink onto the paper. The Reynolds Pen was a primitive writing instrument marketed as "The first pen to write underwater." Reynolds sold 10,000 of his pens when they were first introduced. These first publicly sold pens were very expensive ($10 each), primarily because of the new technology. In 1945, the first inexpensive ballpoint pens were manufactured when Frenchman Marcel Bich developed the industrial process for making the pens that lowered the unit cost dramatically. In 1949, Bich introduced his pens in Europe. He called the pens "BIC," a shortened, easy-to-remember version of his name. Ten years later, BIC first sold its pens on the American market. Consumers were reluctant to buy the BIC pens at first, as so many pens had been introduced in the U. S. market by other manufacturers. To counter this hesitancy, the BIC company created an exciting national television campaign to tell consumers that this ballpoint pen "Writes First Time, Every Time!," and sold it for only 29 cents. BIC also launched television ads that depicted its pens being fired from a rifle, strapped to an ice skate, and even mounted on a jackhammer. Within a year, competition forced prices down to less than 10 cents each. Today, the BIC company manufactures millions of ballpoint pens a day!

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A writing instrument which uses a small rolling ball fitted inside the tip of the pen delivering a thin layer of ink to the page. The ink is stored in a cartridge and continuously delivered to the pen's tip. The principle of the ball point pen dates from at least 1888 when John Loud took out patents for a product to mark leather using these principles, and Van Vechten Riesberg (in 1916) also took out patents surrounding this idea. Neither of these people developed their ideas to a point of commercial use. The first models went into production in 1895, although these early products had some problems. The first person to produce an entirely satisfactory ball point pen was Ladislao (Laszlo) Josef Biro. He was an Hungarian journalist living in Argentina, and in later life told that the idea of the Ball point pen came to him while he was visiting a print shop. Mr. Biro watched the speed with which the printers' ink dried and determined to develop a similarly quick-drying writing instrument for journalists. Mr. Biro applied for the patent on his first commercial model on June 10th, 1943. The British government, realising the Biro pens were ideal for RAF Aircrew use, bought the rights to this patent. The first commercially available pens were sold in Buenos Aires in 1945 by Eterpen Co. Britain wasn't far behind with the first pens available to the general public being sold at Christmas 1945 by the Miles-Martin Pen company. Early pens were expensive with the writing point an integral part of the pen body, so failures necessitated replacement of the complete pen. It was not until 1953 that the first inexpensive Ball Point pens were available when the French Baron, Bich, developed the industrial process for manufacturing ballpoint pens that lowered the unit cost dramatically.

A writing instrument that came into popularity shortly after World War II, displacing the fountain pen. The barrel of the pen houses a refill. The ink is a paste that is smudged onto the paper on a rotating ball. When the paste-ink is exhausted, the refill, including the ball, is replaced. While this provides for an adequate method of marking paper, it doesn't offer the expressive qualities of a nib. Ballpoints vary from inexpensive ones that are almost common property, jumping from person to person without much thought, to fairly nice ones. They are perhaps the most common pen available today.

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LAMY studio. Made in Germany. The LAMY studio shows with great elegance just how close design and art can become. Take its clip, for instance. a completely new interpretation of the theme, an exceptionally appealing clip reminiscent of modern sculpture. The LAMY studio is the right pen for anyone who likes to see things a little differently. It confirms Oscar Wilde's view that art is the highest form of individualism. Ballpoint pen in matt brown metallic-lacquer finish. With twist mechanism and LAMY giant refill M 16 black M. Designer. Hannes Wettstein

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Il Lee, Untitled 978 Q, us. Ballpoint pen on paper, 82 x 61 inches. Courtesy of the Artist and Art Projects International (API), New York.

Il Lee, Untitled 302, 2002. Ballpoint pen on paper, 30 x 22 ˝ inches. Courtesy of the Artist and Art Projects International (API), New York.

Il Lee, BK-002, 2006. Ballpoint pen on canvas, 80 x 127 inches. Courtesy of the Artist and Art Projects International (API), New York.

Il Lee, BL-071, 2006. Ballpoint pen on canvas, 75 x 115 inches. Courtesy of the Artist and Art Projects International (API), New York.

Il Lee, BL-075, 2006. Ballpoint pen on paper, 60 x 84 inches. Courtesy of the Artist and Art Projects International (API), New York.

Sunday, March 11, 2007 through Sunday, July 8, 2007 Bursting with expressive energy, Il Lee's drawings and paintings produce the maximum impact with minimal materials. Using the unique medium he has cultivated since the 1980s—the humble ballpoint pen on paper, and more recently, canvas—Lee creates works that are abstract, yet express the dynamic, unbridled power of nature. Born in Seoul, Korea and educated at the prestigious Hong-Ik University in Seoul, Lee earned his MFA in painting from the Pratt Institute in New York. This is the Brooklyn-based artist's first major museum survey exhibition, and spans the past 25 years of his work.

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Finding a quality pen that will give you a nice crisp line without costing an arm and a leg is an ongoing quest for me. Over the past few years I’ve really grown to like the Pentel line of pens and when I saw the R. S.V. P. at Office Depot on sale I didn’t pass up the opportunity to give these a try. Normally I try to stick to the metal ball tip type pens when I have a tremendous amount of writing to do but for day-to-day uses the ballpoint pens are more than suitable. The first thing that caught my eye about the Pentel R. S.V. P. pens was that they had an extremely long cap that extended over the rubber comfort grip. While it didn’t occur to me when I started using it, this helps to help the rubber grip free of dirt and debris that would otherwise be attracted to it. Features The Pentel R. S.V. P has a clear barrel so you will always know exactly how much ink you have left. The rubber comfort grip located near the point of the pen allows you to write for an extended period of time without experiencing hand cramps or sore fingers. The ink well runs through the rubber grip area and leaves you with about a half inch of the ink reserve visible. If you are really concerned with the amount of ink left you can unscrew the top part of the pen and slide out the ink stick. These are replaceable providing that you purchase the correct refill [Pentel Refill BLK-7] however if you try to swap the ink stick with another brand - chances are you will end up with a huge mess on your hands in a few hours. The refills cost approximately $1.00 for two ink sticks. The cap of the pen has a large clip on it so you can easily attach it to your jacket, shirt pocket or inside you knapsack. This is a nice feature since there is just enough pressure between the cap and the clip to keep the pen from sliding around and getting lost. Because of the design of the clip, this pen would be great for nurses, teachers or any one else that needs to have a pen close at hand. The ink is nice, dark and rarely ever “globs” up on me. One thing I really hate about using cheap disposable pens is the way the ink seems to wad up when you first start using it. With the R. S.V. P pens you’ll never have to clean off the tip or work off excess ink from the tip. The tip of the BK90-C is “fine” and produces a crisp clean smudge free line. If you prefer using a pen that is “ultra fine” or “super fine” you might want to try this one out. The tip produces a nice tight line that is comparable to the ultra or super tips of other pens. Price I’ve seen these at drug stores, office supply stores and most recently at the stationery and card stores. Depending on where you buy them you can look at spending anywhere from $1.49 to $2.99 per pen when purchasing them individually. If you try this out and like it you might want to save yourself some money and purchase them multi packs to save a few dollars. These pens come carded [adhered to a cardboard hangtag] for the individual pens or five packs as well as boxed for larger sizes. If you plan on purchasing a box of 10 or more, please try one out to make sure that the ink is still fresh. Overall Ease of Use Consider this the creme de la creme of low cost comfort grip pens. The cap snaps tightly back into place and when the pen is in use, the cap fits snuggly on the back end of the pen so you’ll never have to worry about losing it. Since the barrel is wider than most “take ‘n toss” pens [Bic, PaperMate etc] it feels a lot better when you writing with them. The ink flows nicely with a very minimal amount of “ink globs” forming on the paper. These are suitable for general writing, fine line designs, working with carbon paper / multiple layers of paper and are perfect for making gridlines on paper. I’ve never had any ink smudge when making gridlines nor have I ever had the ink stick to the rulers edge. When I gave these to my boys to try out they really didn’t care for them. They said that they were too hard to control because they were “fatter” than the pens that they were using. While this is true, the comfort grip is a definite plus. If you are used to thinner ballpoint pens, don’t let the size of this keep you from giving it a try. Be sure to keep your eyes peeled for the individually packaged Pentel R. S.V. P. pens since some of them come with a “Try Me Free” sticker. All you do is send in the form with the UPC code and your register receipt and receive a check in the mail about four to six weeks later for the purchase price. The Bottom Line I’m glad that I came across these pens and gave them a try. For those that are looking for a pen that will give you weeks of ink [when writing 10 to 20 pages per day] I highly suggest the Pentel R. S.V. P.. They might cost a little more than the disposable ballpoint pens but if you are more concerned with the comfort of the pen and the quality of the ink you are using – the price difference isn’t even a factor. I gave these to the boys to try out with their homework and they handed them back to me an hour or so later. They didn’t like the size of the barrel and went back to their Bic Round Stic pens. Hey, all that means is more Pentel R. S.V. P.’s for me! If you are looking for a pen with a clickable ballpoint or colors other than black, Pentel offers a wide array of products. Feel free to visit their website for more information on the R. S.V. P. as well as all the other great products they sell. www. pentel. com As always, thanks for the visit … ^V^ Freak ^V^ © 2007 Freak369 Pentel Pens R. S.V. P. 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Centro Argentino de IngenierosCerritos 1250Buenos Aires, 1426Argentina Owner.Biro FoundationCiudad de la Paz 394Buenos Aires, 1426Argentina Notable for. First ballpoint pens. utilized the concept of a quick-drying ink whose flow is controlled by gravity and a metal ball housed in a socket. Links. Centro Argentino de Ingenieros More about The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislao Jose Biro was originally patented in Hungary in 1938. The principle of the ballpoint pen was originally patented by John Loud in 1888 for a product to mark leather and in 1916 by Van Vechten Riesberg, but neither of these products were exploited commercially. As a journalist, Biro was inspired by the concept of quick-drying ink in a print shop. He thought of a new type of pen that could use quick-drying thick ink, rather than the thin, wet, ink used in fountain and quill pens. Since an ordinary nib would clog thick ink, Biro worked with the idea of a tiny metal sphere rotating in a capillary tube, allowing a quick-drying ink to flow by the force of gravity. Biros early designs applied mechanical pressure to the ink column to make the ink flow, but his original idea of gravity succeeded in 1943, when technological advances improved the quality of the parts and the ink. The current design of the ballpoint pen is virtually unchanged from Biros original idea. He patented his invention in several countries. Budapest, 1938 (No. 120037). Switzerland, 1939 (No. 204880). Argentina, 1940 (No. 51454), 1947 (No. 57892). United States, 1944 (No. us. ), 1948 (No. 547758). Biros ballpoint pen was first marketed in Argentina in 1944 by Biro, Manye, Biro, from which the Birome pens name was derived. It later changed its name to EterpenCo. The European BIC company most famously manufactured and sold ballpoint pens, in Europe and North America. They are responsible for the worldwide popularity of the ballpoint pen, but not its invention. The collection of some of the original models of Biro ballpoint pens was donated by the Biro Foundation to an exhibit at the Centro Argentino de Ingenieros in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Visiting Information. see website. Ceremony Notes. September 29, 2005.

DQ is a collaborative sketchbook in which all the work is drawn using a ballpoint pen. Personally, I think the ballpoint pen is a severely underrated doodling apparatus, and Im glad to see others feel the same way.

I cannot agree more. The ballpoint is really a _great_ sketching tool, and you dont need fancy papers. Just whatever piece of paper you have near at hand It flows on the paper like a marker, its as easy to control as a sharpened pencil, and you can easily create shadows with quick crosshatching. Ive always used it in my sketchbooks (I have the same Parker metal refillable for so many years!) Ballpoint rules!

I love ballpointblue Papermates are my favourite. (wonderful site, but I wish it wasnt FlashI like to be able to SAVE cool art I come across)

If you slow it down, you can render with ballpoint just like a 2b pencil. sometimes i do graphite + ballpoint (black) and it merges pretty seamlessly. also, for a really nice looking drawing effect, lightly daub rubbing alcohol on a portion of ballpoint and you can turn part of it into a watercolor like effect. then, if you draw back on top of that with ballpoint again it creates a really vivd black black. another trick i like to do is to render something out in ballpoint, then gesso over it lightly so its pretty transparent, then rerender on top of that. at that point it looks pretty slick. you cant do the alcohol thing, caus ehte acrylic/gesso will suspend it funny, but a white grease based prismacolor pencil will blend the ballpoint around again. fun stuff. ex1, ex2, ex3

I like your ballpoint pen drawing or sketch. I have a site with over 1,000 ballpoint pen drawings and many ar multi-colored. Keep up with your drawings and keep the faith.

I have only used ball pens in dire creative emergencies.. but I have always been pleasantly surprised. I especially like the new gel based pens. One of my favorites is the ballpoint pens Kinkos has (with erasers at the end). I find them to have very consistent ink flow. Too bad they dont sell them. So I used them when I conveniently forget to return the pen to the counter..-p No stationary store carries the Kinkos type pens and Kinkos dont sellem .. does anyone know where I can get em?

[.] There are some great comments at Drawn about ballpoint pen techniques in response to DQ, a collaborative sketchbook. On the subject of humble materials, there is also The Pencil Revolution. Of course, it quickly becomes apparent that finicky peopple (and I include myself in that group) can be finicky about anything. Even a wooden pencil. [.]

Good to know people out there get excited about the ballpoint. It kicks ass, and if you open the pen and drip the ink you can also paint with this ink.

I like to draw with colour pencils and ballpoint pens(paper mate). if you colour really really well with colour pencils until it feels paste and draw or shade with ballpoint pens, the drawings become very rich and delicious. i love it!

Ball point is ok - I don’t care for it much because it can ball up at the tip and then smear - I prefer a gel based ink - those are better - or a sigma micron perm marker - ballpoint does let you get some nice shading though. Only cheap ballpoint pens ball-up at the tip. Parker ink and Gel-based inks have a tendency to skip when you draw real fast. Rollerballs can bleed through many papers. I think no other pen medium can achieve the soft halftoning of a pencil like a ballpoint can. Plus its responsive to pressure. Any interested parties should look up the archival ballpoint inks that are waterproof and permanant.

Another one that is not quite right. wikipedia says The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on 30 October 1888, to John J Loud.[2] though originally not used for writing on paper, the more common pen was invented in 1938, on a different patent.

Get ballpoint pens for liquid ink. If you like liquid ink, which is very smooth, you should write with ballpoint pens. Some very good ballpoint pens are the Pilot V-Ball, Uni-Ball Vision Elite and the Pilot Precise V5.

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This logo imprinted Navigator Ballpoint Pen w/ Swiss nib point & German made ink cartridge. is available with your customized message or custom printed logo. Options for imprinting these ballpoint pens are outlined in the Imprint Options above. If no printing options are shown, or you have any questions at all about logo imprinted ballpoint pens, please give an account manager a call for exact customization types we can offer. The supplier may change pricing and details on these logo imprinted Navigator Ballpoint Pen w/ Swiss nib point & German made ink cartridge before they update us with changes. For this reason, please use the information found on this page as a guide. Your account manager will verify details, pricing, and imprinting options when ordering these logo imprinted ballpoint pens. Please be sure to contact us if you have any questions for these logo imprinted Navigator Ballpoint Pen w/ Swiss nib point & German made ink cartridge, or any other promotional items or custom printed gifts you may be searching for. Your dedicated account manager is ready to assist you!

Description.iBYTES ballpoint pens. Soft ergonomic cushioned grip provides hours of writing comfort. Translucent barrel comes in three "i catching"

Promotional Pens. Printed Pens & Custom Pens Range. Fresh Promotional Products Australia supplies Australia's largest range of promotional pens and printed promotions pens. The Printed promotional pens and branded writing instrument items cover the complete range of needs from conference pens and printed pens for events through to high end corporate gift pens including Waterman Pens, Sheaffer Pens & Parkers Pens. Not all the thousands of styes of promotional pens available are shown here. If you have a specific promotions or conference pen in mind and can't find it, give us a call or send an email to discuss your printed promotional pen requirements with our promotional products consultants. Printing & Branding Styles for Promotional Pens. For most of the styles of promotional pens offered by Fresh Promotional poducts there are 2 branding options available. The most popular and economic option for reproducing your logo on a promotional pen is pad printing. Metal promotional pens and corporate gift pens are usually laser engraved for a more subtle and longer lasting reproduction of your logo. If you're getting a competitive quote on printed promotions pens or conference pens make sure the price includes full reproduction of your logo and a guarantee of quality. With Fresh Promotions you can be sure of the quality of the final appearance of your logo on your choice of branded promotional pens. Printed Promotional Pens & Engraved Pens $75 Artwork and Branding Set-Up Fee. To digitise your logo, get the file right and set up the machines for printing promotional pens we charge $75 per colour, which is what it costs us. For laser engraving there is a single $75 charge regardless of your design. The quality of the digitising of electronic art determines the quality of your promotional pens order. Customised & Branded Pens & Writing Instruments. Budget & Pricing. A wide range of different price options and styles are available for promotional pens and corporate gift pens. Depending on the use you're putting them to, the planned life span of your campaign and the needs of the people receiving the pens, there is a promotional pen model available in our range which will do the trick. If you have a specific promo pen style, like frost promotions pens in mind or can't find what you want, contact Fresh Promotional Products on 1800 129 999 and one of our delightful staff will talk you through the promotional pens and ball point pens available. Printed Ballpoint Pens & Promotional Pens Lead-Time. Generally production lead-time on printed pens is 3 weeks from order. Final delivery time depends on where you are in Australia and the style of printed or engraved pens you choose. While 3 weeks is our usual shortest delivery time, if you have a tight deadline please let us know and we'll see what we can do. It depends on how busy we are and how good a mood the promotional printers are in. Delivery of Promotional Pens & Corporate Gift Pen Orders. All Fresh Promotional Pen orders are delivered nationally by Startrack Express. Lead time for delivery Australia wide to, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane or Perth is usually 1-2 days. Deliveries are charged at cost or if you prefer we can book stock onto your own freight account. Promotional Pens and Eco Products Advice. With so many hundreds of different branded pens available from environmentally friendly pens through to expensive Waterman pens it can become very confusing. If you're after specific styles of branded pens & writing instruments please call on 1800 129 999 or send an email us .au. This promotional products category includes. Metal Promotion Pens, Promotional Products, Printed & Engraved Metal Pens, Ballpoint & Rollerball Metal Pens, Personalized Pens, Executive Gift Pen, Metal Pen Refills, Cheap Printed Pens, Promo Pens, Pad Printed Promotional Pens, promotional products pens, promotional gift pen, imprinted pens, pen printed promotional, custom promotional pens, custom pens, imprinted promotional pen, personalized promotional pens, customized promotional pen, promotional product pen, corporate pens, engraved promotional pen,

Shop from our collection of fine writing instruments including fountain pens, rollerball pens and ballpoint pens. Enhance your writing experience with highlighters, pencils, and inkwells. Protect and display your treasures with a beautiful pen case or find colorful fountain pen inks or pen refills.

Pen & Ink Greetings Art World, I’m Jerry Stith of Ball Point Pen Art here on the Web. Ballpoint pens are part of the Pen & Ink medium or art movement. Our ballpoint pen is the only oil-based ink system on the market. Today billions of ballpoint pens are sold annually or more than any other pen in history. The ballpoint pen is the most manufactured pen in man’s history. There are billions of people using them worldwide for writing and drawing. Their more sturdy than any other pen, have a great ink supply and oil-based ink. The ballpoint pen is the best instrument for the carbon copy which changed the world. Having a sturdy pen, ink supply, oil-based ink, extra fine tip, colored inks and used for writing popularized it’s purchase. Our pen lines are camera-ready and produce a half tone. All other pen systems use water based inks and can’t develop a half tone line. That half tone and colored inks advanced and change the Pen & Ink art world forever. Filling in backgrounds or large spaces take massive lines even with a bold tip. The extra fine tip produces the half tone or sharpest camera-ready line in art history. The oil-base delivery system works and releases less ink on target. Having a half tone line and colored inks really makes my job much more fun. Let the inks flow! thank You, Jerry & Linda Stith -- Jerry & Linda Stith ( us ), January 24, 2003.

Our Greatest Pen in History Greetings Art World, Today I would like to address the wonderful blessings of the BallPoint Pen and it's oil-based ink system. To most of the world, Biro is still the generic name for the ball-point pen. Like the Hoover, the Biro is named after its creator, a Hungarian born journalist, Laszlo Josef Biro. Biro was a man of many accomplishments, painter, writer, sculptor, medical student, hypnotist and inventor. He invented a reliable automatic gearbox that he sold to the Ford Motor Company. For commercial reasons, Ford buried the idea. Laszlo and his brother George patented the Biro pen in 1938. In 1940, as war engulfed Europe, the Biro brothers immigrated to Argentina, where a fresh patent was applied for in 1943. The Biro contained a tiny ball-bearing in its tip, and this rotated picking up ink and applying it to the paper. John J. Loud took out a patent for a similar product in 1888, but it was never developed commercially and had faded into obscurity. The British Government bought licensing rights for the pen for the RAF. Pilots had complained that fountain pens leaked at high altitudes, and the new pen, with its special thick ink, worked. The Biro was a success. Branded the "Eversharp CA" for Capillary Action, the pen sold successfully in Buenos Aires. Eversharp began preparations for an American invasion. The ballpoint pen has been the greatest selling pen in man's history and today sells more than ever before. The ballpoint pens new design revolutionized our pen history and changed humanity in many profound ways. The pen design and new amazing oil-based inks became the world favorite writing and art instrument. The ballpoint pen next advanced the world by making the best carbon copies. Never has there been such a wonderful carbon copy instrument available, which takes in all other pen systems or even the pencil. The pen was sturdy enough to make dark, clear and sharp carbon copies, which in turn changed the business and governmental sectors around the word. The expanded usage or sales indicates the world's satisfaction with the ballpoint pen and it's ink. The ballpoint pen has been around for 65 years and never have I heard reports about the inks fading on the billions of reports, letters or documents written with them. Otherwise sales and production wouldn't be on the increase over the decades. The third amazing feature of the ballpoint pen is it's oil-based inks half-tone lines. The ballpoint pen is the one and only pen in history and can change from a full tone line to a half-tone line simply by changing pressure to the page. In the art world that is totally amazing and has never been available with water-based inks. Those half-tone lines are the most subtle, detailed camera-ready lines in art history. The half-tone lines are perfect for starting, polishing, coloring or finishing an ink drawing. It puts all other inks or pen systems to shame in this field of interest. The ballpoint pens half- tone line is by far the greatest detail-making pen in the world. Its oil-based inks produce the most powerful dark rich colors of all pen systems. The lack of colors has always held back the Pen & Ink Art mediums throughout history. Nature arrives in real live colors and so should the art mediums, which are used to reflect nature’s wonders. People love colors and won't settle for less in the long run. That's why TV's, computers, movies and publications all converted to color from black & white. People like black & white pictures or objects yet absolutely love them in color. Take a look around the world and see for yourself. The Pen & Ink Art movement never before had dark rich colors or a half- tone line in their art works. That makes up two thirds of a picture and represents the superiority of the ballpoint pen over all other systems. The ballpoint pen can produce detailed drawings as other pens systems yet surpasses them in those two vital area's of interest to our art world. I'm an artist and realize colors. half tones and dark drawing lines are what make up the greatest pictures of the past. Youth, young adults and all other walks of life can and do use the ballpoint pen daily around the world. The ballpoint pen has it's own ink supply, doesn't spill or have messy bottles of inks to carry, break or leave behind. It's portable, works in many angles as well as underwater. The ballpoint pen's tips aren't flat, weak, and breakable or leak upon impact if dropped. Ballpoint pen ink is camera-ready or suited for art production or production art. Most ballpoint pens last the average users for months or up to a year. They're inexpensive or expensive depending on what your needs or interests. The ballpoint pen is sold in many different places and isn't a specialty pen of inferior traits. I keep hearing other pen users telling me about their wonderful pens and what they can do. They don't have dark colored inks and can't do half tones nor do they sell by the billions annually. In the art world quills controlled the market for about the first thousand years worldwide. Then came along the fountain pen, which is the next best pen in history when it comes to usage or sales. Ball Point Pen Art is completed with a ballpoint pen an amazing addition to the Pen & Ink art world. The Ballpoint pen's half tone is the greatest detailed art line in history and takes the pen world to the higher level of sophistication. The ballpoint pen's half tone has produced a new mark of excellence in the drawing world. Our duty and job as ballpoint pen artists is to build and expand the pen & ink art movements short comings. Most other art mediums come in colors and can produce a halftone. Yet, those two major drawing features never took place with pen artists till the ballpoint pen came along. The ballpoint pen makes up it's own art medium and art movement as never before. The ballpoint pen has the greatest number of users in history. therefore it makes up the largest art movement. Many other pen artists haven't come to terms with our superior pen sales, rich dark colors or fantastic half-tone lines. Nor do they want to realize the impact of the ballpoint pen in history or honor the people drawing with them. Artists have to approach the real world more as businessman approaches and deal with the facts before them if change or advancement is their goal. That most likely would influence the world in how we get looked at by others. Most artists aren't perceived as being on top of their game but more as a hobbyist or another wannabe, not worth something till their archived or dead. That purely represents the demise of the artists and everything they represent. The world wont take artists serious till they get more sophisticated or educated of the world's ways. If you have a society that thinks artists are flacks, not worth something till their dead or archived, then what? New cars, computers, electronics are great because there the latest most advanced things or the best. Yet, in the art world newness is looked upon as being bad, unworthy and unproven. That portrays the downfall of the artists and turns people away from the art world. It makes artists look at the further as a train wreck in the makings. People always say. if you become an artist expect poverty and failure as a person. Well, what kind of motivation does that present the person as an artist? Please, try to remember the commercial artists generate a greater neat income than the oil industry. Our commercial artist brothers are more organized and protected than most fine artists are. Yet the credit and lion’s share of the profit goes to the company running the show. However, their weekly or hourly pay far exceeds the average fine artists. Portrait artists in good places received us. dollars an hour or per portrait. Gold, brown and black Pen colors really helped this area of interest and makes a hit with the portrait setters. Commercial artist’s salaries or pay scales are often greater than the fine artists are. Sometimes they might be doing the same activity or project! The ballpoint pen's sales or production provides us with evidence of it being the very best Pen in history. Its sales, functions or popularity tells us of its greatness. The ballpoint pen's half tone or full tone lines are the greatest advancements in pen history. We artists have the opportunity to advance the pen & ink art movement or art world with our detailed drawings. I'll be recorded in art history as the person that brought color and detail to the pen & ink movement or art world. I am not concerned if ballpoint pen ink or my artworks get archived after my death. I'm however very concerned about introducing Ball Point Pen Art to the world or public at large. History records the founder or leaders of ever-major art movement throughout time. Their art, programs or words become archived, recorded or logged in art history for the advancements made during their lifetime. That's the most important thing and artist could possibly do within their time here on earth. It's what we do while we're alive that counts not what people do with our things after death. If you make art history while you're alive it will remain thereafter with or without your permission. It's not something a person can take away or change. It remains permanent or fixed in art history as a God given blessing, amen. With that in mind, I perused my adventures as an artist and founder of a new art program called Ball Point Pen Art, BallPoint Pen Art or ballpointpenart! Let the inks flow, as a ballpoint pen artist and make a difference while you're alive and doing well. Yours truly, Jerry & Linda Stith -- Jerry & Linda Stith ( us ), September 13, 2003.

Forensic discrimination of blue ballpoint pen inks based on thin layer chromatography and image analysisForensic Science International, Volume 179, Issues 2-3, 6 August 2008, Pages us. Djavanshir Djozan, Tahmineh Baheri, Ghader Karimian, Masomeh ShahidiAbstract

This article aims to provide a new and fast method for differentiation of inks on a questioned document. The data acquisition was carried out by designing specific image analysis software for evaluating thin layer chromatograms (TLC-IA).The ink spot was extracted from the document using methanol and separated by TLC using plastic sheet silica gel 60 without fluorescent indicator, and a mixture of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water (70.35.30, v/v/v) as mobile phase. To discriminate between different pen inks, new software was designed on the basis of intensity profile of red, green, and blue (RGB) characteristic. In practice, after development of chromatogram, the chromatograms were scanned by ordinary office scanner, intensity profiles of RGB characteristics on the development straight of each sample were produced and compared with the mentioned software. RGB profiles of ballpoint inks from various manufacturers showed that the patterns in most cases were distinctly different from each other. This new method allowed discriminating among different pen inks with a high reliability and the discriminating power of 92.8%. Blue ballpoint pen inks of 41 different samples available on the local market were successfully analyzed and discriminated.

Tagging of writing/printing inks with suitable inorganic taggants such as rare-earth chelates has the potential to help document examiners identify fraud in sensitive written/printed documents. Selection of rare-earth chelates as taggants primarily depends on the satisfactory sensitivity of analytical determination and the absence of the taggants in normal varieties of inks used for document writing/printing. Spectrofluorometric determination of trace amounts of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks and offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate was carried out with sodium tungstate solution. Sodium tungstate acts as a specific reagent that enhances the fluorescence intensity of the Eu

Ion. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 270 .nm and 605 .nm respectively. The results were compared with the data obtained with ICP-AES. Satisfactory recoveries were observed with precision better than 5% RSD and comparable accuracy. Under the optimized experimental conditions, detection limits and quantitation limits were determined. The detection limits obtained by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES were 0.01 .μ.g/mL and 0.006 .μ.g/mL respectively whereas the limits of quantitation were about 0.03 .μ.g/mL and 0.018 .μ.g/mL respectively. The spectrofluorometric method is rapid, selective, sensitive and accurate for the determination of europium in blue ballpoint pen ink and offset printing inks and may be suitable for application in the examination of sensitive documents to aid in document related crime investigation. The advantages and limitations of the tagging approach and proposed analytical techniques are discussed.

Characterization and assessment of inks on sensitive documents for absolute/relative age determination is the challenging forensic problem in spite of practical difficulties. Tagging of ballpoint pen ink with suitable taggant(s) is a unique method to come out with definitive inferences on the detection of forgery in documents written with ballpoint pens. Selection of a proper taggant primarily depends on sensitivity of analytical determination and their absence in normal varieties of ink used for document writing. Rare-earth elements, from all technical considerations can be potential taggant(s) for inks. To ensure more compatibility with ink, 13 rare-earth thenoyltrifluoroacetonate chelates were prepared and characterized. The ballpoint pen inks were tagged with rare-earth thenoyltrifluoroacetonate chelates individually at about 1–.100 .ppm level depending on sensitivity of element under suitable optimized experimental conditions and instrumental sensitivity. Aliquots of such tagged ink having varying amounts of taggants were analyzed by ICP–.MS and INAA. Satisfactory recoveries and a good linear relationship of intensity (signal) against concentrations/amounts were observed. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits were worked out. This study of tagging metal ions in combination with ICP–.MS and NAA as an analytical tool can allow to draw various combination options based on different rare-earth chelates as suitable materials for tagging of ballpoint pen inks for absolute/relative age determination to aid in document related crime examination. The advantages and limitations of proposed analytical techniques are discussed.

In routine examination of inks on questioned documents non-destructive analytical methods, such as microscopic and optical techniques are applied first. However, they are often insufficient to identify the inks used for the preparation of the document. In such cases, it is necessary to apply chemical methods that normally cause partial destruction of the examined material. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of discrimination between inks by the use of spectrometric methods, i. e. micro-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and XRF. About 70 samples of blue and black ballpoint pen and gel inks were examined. It was found that about 90% of the samples of the same type and colour could be distinguished using these methods.

Several varieties of blue ballpoint pen inks were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The chromatographic data extracted at four wavelengths (254, 279, 370 and 400nm) was analyzed individually and at a combination of these wavelengths by the soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA) technique using principal components analysis (PCA) to estimate the separation between the pen samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) measured the probability with which an observation could be assigned to a pen class. The best resolution was obtained by HPLC using data from all four wavelengths together, differentiating 96.4% pen pairs successfully using PCA and 97.9% pen samples by LDA. PCA separated 60.7% of the pen pairs and LDA provided a correct classification of 62.5% of the pens analyzed by IR. The results of this study indicate that HPLC coupled with chemometrics provided a better discrimination of ballpoint pen inks compared to IR. The need to develop a suitable IR method for analysing blue ballpoint pen inks has been emphasized and it is hoped that the development of such a method would indeed provide a valuable tool for the non-destructive analysis of blue ballpoint pen ink samples for forensic purposes.

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This a ballpoint Pink Ribbon pen. This pen is retractable. In honor of breast cancer awareness with the purchase of this pen Sanford will make a donation to the City of Hope thru December 2008.

These retractable ballpoint pens feature smooth, effortless writing, along with a form fitting rubber grip that provides the ultimate comfort while your writing.

This pen will write smoothly and dry quickly, qualities that come from a gel pen and a ballpoint pen. Features an embossed grip that gives you more control with your writing. The quick drying ink will prevent smearing as well.

The ink of these pens will write smootly and dry quickly, the qualities of a gel pen and a ballpoint pen. Gives you superior control with the embossed grip. The quick drying ink prevents smearing as well.

Works even upside down or on wet paper ! No splotch, no blur, no stain. Ballpoint pen with patented pressurizing technology. The knock mechanism pressurizes the refill. Easy-to-hold rubberized barrel. Ball size.0.7mm. Ink color.Black.

Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao J. Biro (1899–1985) and Georg Biro (1897–19??), invented the ballpoint pen in 1938. Ladislao was a sculptor, painter, and writer, while his brother was a chemist. The two brothers applied for patents in 1938, but during World War II they moved to ?xml.namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn.schemas-microsoft-com.office.smarttags" />Argentina. There they formed a company to produce the pens, and they patented several improvements that allowed the ink to be fed by capillary action rather than by gravity, reducing leakage. A British financier, Henry Martin, manufactured Biro pens for use by Royal Air Force pilots, as the pen did not leak with the changes in pressure of high altitude. Biro pens were in use throughout Europe by the end of the war. In France, Baron Marcel Bich produced extremely cheap ballpoint pens in Clichy, outside Paris, achieving a production rate of 7 million pens a day in the late 1940s. Bich bought out the Waterman Company in the United States and imported the Bic. The Biro pen was licensed to Eversharp and to the Eberhard Faber Company in the United States. However, in 1945, an American businessman, Milton Reynolds, visited Buenos Aires and brought back several Biros to the United States. Consulting a patent attorney, he found that an earlier ballpoint system for a marker had been patented in 1888

By John J. Loud. Working from that expired patent and developing an improved flow system, Reynolds developed a gravity-feed pen. The ink remained a problem, with early inks skipping, clogging, or fading under sunlight. In 1949 Fran Seech, an Austrian chemist, developed improved ink that dried quickly, and Frawley Corporation introduced a system employing his ink as the Papermate pen. Other variations were introduced, with Pentel bringing out the felttipped ballpoint in 1973 and a ceramic nib in 1981. Gillette introduced an erasable ballpoint pen in 1979.

Uni-ball Power Tank RT Assorted 0.7mm Tip Fine Ballpoint Pens for Outdoor Use Ref us. [5 Colours]. Stores and prices

#149. Pressurised ballpoint pen#149. 360 degree writing application#149. Pen will write in extreme weather conditions#149. Ideal for use outdoors#149. Assorted wallet of 5 contains two black, two blue and one red#149. 0.7 tip gives line wi

Uni-ball Power Tank RT Assorted 0.7mm Tip Fine Ballpoint Pens for Outdoor Use Ref us. [5 Colours]. Stores and prices

#149. Pressurised ballpoint pen#149. 360 degree writing application#149. Pen will write in extreme weather conditions#149. Ideal for use outdoors#149. Assorted wallet of 5 contains two black, two blue and one red#149. 0.7 tip gives line wi

A sleek and elegant ballpoint pen from designer label Cerruti 1881. These chrome plated ballpens feature a tapered body with a twist cap release mechanism. Ideal as corporate gifts, they are supplied with Cerruti 1881 brand cases. These designer ballpens are offered with FREE ENGRAVING of text and logos from Business Gifts Supplier.

We offer free engraving of both text and logos for these designer ballpens, perfect for creating custom logo engraved corporate gifts or merchandise. Add your corporate logo, brand logo, company name or marketing message to these Cerruti 1881 designer pens at no extra charge. Our free engraving offer is also perfect for creating personalized gifts. as long as your order meets our minimum, take advantage of our free engraving offer to create fine quality personalized gifts for your bridesmaids or groomsmen, for anniversary gifts, or for commemorative gifts and awards. Combine your corporate or personal message with the quality of the Cerruti 1881 brand to create memorable and cherished gifts, presentation awards or merchandise items. But wait! There's more. in addition to the free engraving offer, we also offer a free gift with every order and fixed price UK delivery. This means that the cost of delivery to mainland UK destinations remains the same, low, price regardless of the number of designer ballpoint pens - or any other gift item - you order from this web site.

LAMY noto. Made in Germany. The LAMY noto is a design product from the Japanese star designer Naoto Fukasawa. The name Fukasawa stands for the reduction of form to the absolutely essential. The LAMY noto is a ballpoint pen whose design is restricted to the absolutely essential functions and good writing. LAMY noto, easy writing, every day. LAMY noto. Easy writing. Ballpoint pen in the new, functional design. With triangular body and impressive clip solution. Casing made of particularly heavy plastic with matt-black surface. In contrast, tip and push-button lacquered in matt-silver. Wih LAMY giant refill M 16 black M. Designer. Naoto Fukasawa

Giant ballpoint pen refill, waterproof. Available in black, blue and red in the line sizes F, M and B. green in M only. Writing capacity. approx. 8,000 m.

If your marketing strategy is Advertising with Pens, then select Promotional Pens from InkHead. InkHead is dedicated to providing your business with the latest Promotional Logo Pens and Personalized Engraved Pens such as. Customized Bic Pens, Promotional Ballpoint Pens, Custom Wood Pens and Wholesale Fountain Pens. No matter what you need, InkHead has the knowledge and experience to stretch your marketing budget. We can help you to maximize your advertising campaign. Call us today. us. Our Promotions Specialists are always eager to help!