Flying discs (commonly called Frisbees) are disc-shaped objects, which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8–10inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross-section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotating. The name Frisbee is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, but is often used generically to describe all flying discs. Flying discs are thrown and caught for recreation, and as part of many different flying disc games. A wide range of flying disc variants are available commercially. Disc golf discs are usually smaller but denser and are tailored for particular flight profiles to increase/decrease stability and distance. Disc dog sports use relatively slow flying discs made of more pliable material to better resist a dog's bite and prevent injury to the dog. Ring shaped discs are also available which typically fly significantly farther than any traditional flying disc. There are illuminated discs meant for night time play which use phosphorescent plastic, or battery powered light emitting diodes. There are also discs that whistle when they reach a certain velocity in flight.

That in 1820, an undergraduate named Elihu Frisbie grabbed a collection plate from the chapel and flung it out into the campus, thereby becoming the true inventor of the Frisbee. That tale is dubious, as the "Frisbie's Pies" origin is well-documented. Walter Frederick Morrison claims that it was a popcorn can lid that he tossed with his girlfriend (and later wife) Lu at a 1937 Thanksgiving Day gathering in Los Angeles that inspired his interest in developing a commercially-produced flying disc. In 1946 he sketched out plans for a disc he called the Whirlo-Way, which, co-developed and financed by Warren Franscioni in 1948, became the very first commercially produced plastic flying disc, marketed under the name Pipco Flyin-Saucer. Morrison had just returned to the US after World War II, where he had been a prisoner of war. His partnership with Franscioni, who was also a war veteran, ended in 1950, before their product had achieved any real success. In 1955, Morrison produced a new plastic flying disc called the Pluto Platter, to cash in on the growing popularity of UFOs with the American public. The Pluto Platter became the design basis for later flying discs. In 1957, Wham-O began production of more discs (then still marketed as Pluto Platters). The next year, Morrison was awarded US Design Patent 183,626 for his flying disc. In 1957,

Wham-O co-founder Richard Knerr, decided to stimulate sales by giving the discs the additional brand name "Frisbee" (pronounced the same as "Frisbie"), after hearing that East Coast college students were calling the Pluto Platter by that name. The man who was behind the Frisbee's phenomenal success however was "Steady" Ed Headrick, hired in 1964 as Wham-O's new General Manager and Vice President in charge of marketing. Headrick soon redesigned the Pluto Platter by reworking the rim thickness, and top design, creating a more controllable disc that could be thrown accurately.

Sales soared for the toy, which was marketed as a new sport. In 1964, the first "professional" model went on sale. Headrick patented the new design as the Frisbee patent, highlighting the “Rings of Headrick” and marketed and pushed the professional model Frisbee and "Frisbee" as a sport. (US Patent 3,359,678).

Later founded "The International Frisbee Association (IFA)" and began establishing standards for various sports using the Frisbee such as Distance, Freestyle and Guts. Upon his death, Headrick was cremated, and his ashes, in accordance with his final requests, were put into Frisbees.

Morrison, Fred. Phil Kennedy (January 2006). Flat Flip Flies Straight!. True Origins of the Frisbee. Wethersfield, CT. Wormhole Publishers. ISBN us. OCLC us. "'Headrick had an eye for product design. The "NEW LOOK" contributed mightily to its phenomenal success. I've never known what financial arrangements Headrick had with Wham-O. It would have been interesting to know, but knowing wouldn't have changed anything. It was enough to know that under Headrick's guidance our increasing bank account was due to what he was doing.' -Fred Morrison"

Malafronte, Victor A. (May 1998). F. Davis Johnson (ed.). ed. The Complete Book of Frisbee. The History of the Sport the First Official Price Guide. Rachel Forbes (illus.). Alameda, CA. American Trends Publishing Company. ISBN us. OCLC us.

Stancil. E. D., and Johnson, M. D.. Frisbee, A Practitioner's Manual and Definitive Treatise, Workman Publishing Company, New York (July, 1975). ISBN us.

Norton, Gary. The Official Frisbee Handbook, Bantam Books, Toronto/New York/London (July, 1972). no ISBN

Danna, Mark, and Poynter, Dan. Frisbee Players' Handbook, Parachuting Publications, Santa Barbara, California (1978). ISBN us.

Tips, Charles, and Roddick, Dan. Frisbee Sports Games, Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1979). ISBN us.

Lorenz, Ralph. Spinning Flight. Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras and Skipping Stones, Copernicus, New York (September 2006). ISBN us.

Now available for those interested in getting an Ultimate Frisbee program within their School or Club is the UPA Ultimate outreach kit. more

Frisbee and Frisbees Flying Discs. Welcome to the Frisbee Super Store. Frisbees, classic Frisbee. Want a quality flying disc? Get an original Wham-O Frisbee from the Frisbee Super Store for Frisbee Golf, Freestyle, Ultimate and more

Whether you're at the beach, lake, or park keep the party alive with an original Frisbee disc! Check out our colorful recreational line of Frisbee discs for all ages and ability levels. Choose from an assortment of colors, weights and cool retro designs theres even a glow in the dark Frisbee for those warm summer nights! So pick your favorite, and let it fly! There is only one original Frisbee Disc.

Welcome to the #1 place on the web to buy Ultimate Frisbees. Well, actually were probably like the #4 or #5 Ultimate Frisbee store, but our prices are great, our customer service is beyond reproach, and we ship 98% of all orders within 24 hours. In addition, we carry nearly every disc golf disc on the market today.

Feel free to look around at our Ultimate Frisbees, Golf Discs, Wham-O Frisbees, and Aerobie products. Browsing in encouraged.

Ere are 10 simple rules for playing Ultimate Frisbee. There is a comprehensive set of rules out there for tournament and league play, but these are really all you need. Just remember, the Spirit of the Game rule listed below is the most important and supercedes all others.

The Ultimate Frisbee Field -- A rectangular shape with endzones at each end. A regulation field is 70 yards by 40 yards, with endzones 25 yards deep. Initiate Play -- Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of their respective endzone line. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc to the offense. A regulation game has seven players per team. Scoring -- Each time the offense completes a pass in the defense's endzone, the offense scores a point. Play is initiated after each score. Movement of the Disc -- The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate. Players may not run with the disc. The person with the disc ("thrower") has ten seconds to throw the disc. The defender guarding the thrower ("marker") counts out the stall count. Change of possession -- When a pass in not completed (e. g. out of bounds, drop, block, interception), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense. Substitutions -- Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an injury timeout. Non-contact -- No physical contact is allowed between players. Picks and screens are also prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made. Fouls -- When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs. When a foul disrupts possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player committing the foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone. Self-Refereeing -- Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes. Spirit of the Game -- Ultimate stresses sportsmanship and fair play. Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respect between players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play. * * * * *

Related ProductsVolleyball Horseshoes Sets Badminton Bocce Ball Sets Sleds / Snowboards / Snow Tubes Bodyboard, Boogie Boards, Surfboards & Skimboards Croquet Sets Watersports Tetherball Kayaks Frisbees Outdoor Ping Pong Tables Outdoor Pool Tables Water Guns Other Outdoor Games Outdoor Water Games Footbags / Hacky Sacks Nerf Guns and Toys Marshmallow Guns and Marshmallow Shooters Playground Balls, Dodgeballs, Kickballs & Foursquare BallsOutdoor / Summer Games Clearance Items

TJ Frisbee BIcycles store hours.Tuesday - Saturday9 AM - 6 PMLocated in Ridgecrest, California.217 N. Balsam Street us.

Uncensored Customer Reviews for Personalized Frisbees I was extremely happy with the frisbees I ordered. The customer service I received was extremely helpful, particularly the assistance I received in changing my art work to make it a better fit for the screenprinting process. THANKS! -Vin S. Astoria, NY I thought the website was easy to use! I got my frisbees to hand out at my beach wedding, and my order arrived before the expected date! They look great! -Crystal M. Silver Spring, MD

Show your playful side with custom frisbees from CustomInk! Custom logo frisbees are the ideal promotional products and giveaways your clients and customers will think of you every time they head out for a fun afternoon at the park! CustomInk makes it easy for you to design personalized frisbees online just visit the lab to get started. We offer thousands of clipart images and font choices for you to browse, or you can upload your logo in a matter of seconds. With our free shipping, expert design assistance, cheap prices, online convenience, and fun design lab, you cant go wrong when you order your custom frisbees from CustomInk. Go ahead make everyone smile with custom frisbees. After all, who doesnt enjoy a casual game of frisbee golf or ultimate frisbee on a beautiful day?!?

Ey disc golfers, now you have a place to buy frisbees that's safe and secure, and cheap too! There have been many new changes by Innova and Discraft and we have the latest models available for you. If you have any questions, leave a message on the

Time. Time for this activity is highly variable and dependent on the level of sunlight and type of test selected. This activity would serve well as a scientific inquiry project for even younger students. Allow students to work in teams, have them select an experiment to run on the Frisbees (plastic shields, sunscreen, etc.), decide how to do it, and carry it out. This will take at least two periods. Simpler demonstration activities will take correspondingly less time.

Note. Frisbees are manufactured by Wham-O Manufacturing Co. (www. wham-o. com) and can be found in many local toy stores.

Did the Frisbees change color when exposed to normal room lighting? (Not usually.) Why or why not? (Because there is very little UV radiation in indoor lightning.)

What happened to the color of the Frisbees in sunlight? (They turned pink.) Why do you think these results occurred? (The UV light causes a photochemical reaction that causes the Frisbee to turn pink.)

What effect did the various pieces of plastic have upon the color of the Frisbees? (The Frisbees did not turn color.) Why do you think these results occurred? (Probably the plastic blocked the UV light so the photochemical reaction was unable to occur.)

Test the Frisbees at different times during the day, under different degrees of cloud cover, and at different seasons. Can you relate the amount of UV radiation to different amounts of atmosphere that solar radiation travels through?

It ain't easy, picking out evil-doers in the urban canyons of the Middle East. there are so many places to hide. Taking 'em out can be even harder, what with all those noncombatants hanging nearby. But the Air Force thinks it might have an answer to this most vexing problem in counter-insurgency. frisbees. Not just any frisbees, mind you. Robotic frisbees. Heavily armed robotic frisbees. The Air Force recently tapped Triton Systems, out of Chelmsford, Mass, to develop such a "Modular Disc-Wing Urban Cruise Munition." "The 3-D maneuverability of the Frisbee-UAV [unammned aerial vehicle] will provide revolutionary tactical access and lethality against hostiles hiding in upper story locations and/or defiladed behind obstacles," the company promises. The circular drones will be lanuched "from munitions dispensers or by means of a simple mechanism similar to a shotgun target (skeet) launcher," Triton adds. Once in the air, they'll be tele-operated by soldiers on the ground. Or, if needed, the fightin' frisbees will pilot themselves as they hunt for guerrillas. Once they catch up to the baddies, the drones will use a series of armor-piercing explosives, shooting jets of molten metal, to eliminate their targets. And these MEFP [Multiple Explosively Formed Penetrator] "warheads will be controllable so as to provide a single large fragment (bunker-buster) or tailorable pattern of smaller fragments (unprotected infantry or light utility vehicles)." The decision of whether to go bunker-buster or infantry-annihilator mode can either be determined by the drones' human operators, "or autonomous target classification routine built into the UAV." Now, Triton's Frisbee-UAV concept isn't the first time roboticists have looked into disc-shaped drones. From 1992 to 1998, the Navy experimented with a set of unmanned, 250-pound, six-foot-diameter flying saucers. In 2002, Norweigan researchers showed off plans for a circular flying robot "inspired at least partly by the design of Star Trek's USS Enterprise,"

Noted. Around the same time, at the University of Manchester, Jonathan Potts studied how best to control UAVs "based on the Frisbee TM sports disc shape." "The Frisbee disc has proven its potential on the sports field as a platform for short free-flights," Potts wrote back in an '01 paper. Without "predefined flight orientation," a Frisbee drone "offers novel flight characteristics and manoeuvrability. It is potentially suitable for a variety of mission objectives fulfilling surveillance, communications, munitions and/or airborne radar warning systems." These days, Potts is focusing less on Frisbee-shaped robots -- and more on Frisbee competitors. "In recent years Jonny has applied his scientific knowledge to develop a range of sports discs with improved aerodynamic performance," says the website of his new company, which makes a line of "super-durable" spinners for $16 apiece. Explosives and robotic controls are not included.

It ain't easy, picking out evil-doers in the urban canyons of the Middle East. there are so many places to hide. Taking 'em out can be even harder, what with all those noncombatants hanging nearby. But the Air Force thinks it might have an answer to this most vexing problem in counter-insurgency. frisbees. Not just any frisbees, mind you. Robotic frisbees. Heavily armed robotic frisbees. The Air Force recently tapped Triton Systems, out of Chelmsford, Mass, to develop such a "Modular Disc-Wing Urban Cruise Munition." "The 3-D maneuverability of the Frisbee-UAV [unammned aerial vehicle] will provide revolutionary tactical access and lethality against hostiles hiding in upper story locations and/or defiladed behind obstacles," the company promises. The circular drones will be lanuched "from munitions dispensers or by means of a simple mechanism similar to a shotgun target (skeet) launcher," Triton adds. Once in the air, they'll be tele-operated by soldiers on the ground. Or, if needed, the fightin' frisbees will pilot themselves as they hunt for guerrillas. Once they catch up to the baddies, the drones will use a series of armor-piercing explosives, shooting jets of molten metal, to eliminate their targets. And these MEFP [Multiple Explosively Formed Penetrator] "warheads will be controllable so as to provide a single large fragment (bunker-buster) or tailorable pattern of smaller fragments (unprotected infantry or light utility vehicles)." The decision of whether to go bunker-buster or infantry-annihilator mode can either be determined by the drones' human operators, "or autonomous target classification routine built into the UAV." Now, Triton's Frisbee-UAV concept isn't the first time roboticists have looked into disc-shaped drones. From 1992 to 1998, the Navy experimented with a set of unmanned, 250-pound, six-foot-diameter flying saucers. In 2002, Norweigan researchers showed off plans for a circular flying robot "inspired at least partly by the design of Star Trek's USS Enterprise,"

Noted. Around the same time, at the University of Manchester, Jonathan Potts studied how best to control UAVs "based on the Frisbee TM sports disc shape." "The Frisbee disc has proven its potential on the sports field as a platform for short free-flights," Potts wrote back in an '01 paper. Without "predefined flight orientation," a Frisbee drone "offers novel flight characteristics and manoeuvrability. It is potentially suitable for a variety of mission objectives fulfilling surveillance, communications, munitions and/or airborne radar warning systems." These days, Potts is focusing less on Frisbee-shaped robots -- and more on Frisbee competitors. "In recent years Jonny has applied his scientific knowledge to develop a range of sports discs with improved aerodynamic performance," says the website of his new company, which makes a line of "super-durable" spinners for $16 apiece. Explosives and robotic controls are not included.

Having spent my career in successful advanced aircraft development work, I can confidently say that this frisbee idea is too dumb to believe. It's nothing but buzzwords and BS. None of the technologies to design, build, field, support, or control such a thing exist. It's all wishful thinking. I can hope that this is merely an advanced concepts project -- to flesh out the problems -- and nothing more. Are my tax dollars really going for this kind of nonsense? It seems that the DOD is taking lessons from the Dept. of Education. Posted by. Galen at September 8, 2006 11.56 PM

You want to see some killer frisbee????? Got and check out some of the frisbee vidoes on the site Posted by. Cubby at September 6, 2006 01.49 PM

Auto-hunt" huh? And what exactly is going to keep this thing from fragging friendlies? Doesn't our military have enough trouble with HUMANS killing our soldiers by accident that we need to worry about a load of deadly frisbees flying around? Posted by. James at September 6, 2006 11.53 AM

Talk about a new spin on Ultimate Frisbee. Posted by. Noah (the other one) at September 6, 2006 11.38 AM

The use of frisbee seems to be focused on operation in small radius but with continuous surveillance from one point, compared to traditional UAV that may operate at large radius to "hunt" targets rather than defensive means. The advantage of VTOL UAVs is that it could loiter at the same spot for a certain amount of time, while typical UAVs must continue to fly foward to avoid stalls. Different from balloons which the security force of Israel uses, frisbee based UAVs has the advantages to be dispensed out and reach the distant but slightly short destination at a short time. This is the advantage against the balloons Israel uses which is strongly effected by wind, and without the ability to fly against the wind to reach the destination. Of course, frisbee also has a trade off with disadvantages compared to balloons, which is the duration the platform may stay in the air. However, the use of frisbee still provides a new dimension of C4ISTAR, probably with aims of short time loitering surveilance in small radius, such as in urban combat where ground force may not reach to release the balloon. Frisbee based UAVs provides a new UAV option/alternative for surveillance. Both balloon platform and frisbee are more defensive platforms, but frisbee is more offensive in terms of ability to be armed with weapons. At least frisbees may be interesting to be loaded with "gliding" grenades as submitions. Posted by. pedestrian at September 6, 2006 12.32 AM

It would be easy to provide lift by spinning. Put airfoils in the frisbee. Hard to describe, but it works. Regular frisbees arent much, but add a bit of aero engineering and you can get some insane results. What I personally think would easily work would be an extra ring of sorts around the out dis with slanted airfoils pointing in the appropriate direction and presto, lift. With some extra work you could manage to make these also able to control direction, speed, and of course stability. About the weapons systems, Ever think of the middle of the frisbee? That stays fairly stable, and with the technology of todeay could easily be used to fire accurate weapons. Posted by. Kevin F. at September 5, 2006 07.23 PM

@kevin. I think you're right, actually. Mark that down as a brainfart. I guess the spinning has more to do with stability (and with the fact that the human body isn't designed to set things into translational motion without rotational motion). But if anything, that just makes my point that a frisbee doesn't seem like a natural choice for the task they describe here - if a frisbee really gets its lift from its motion through the air and not from spinning, than the frisbee of death wouldn't be particularly good at hovering. I'm leaning towards the explanation hinted at by some of the commenters earlier, that basically what we're talking about is more like the flying skeet-disk of death, something flung out by a launcher to pass over a target and image and/or drop munitions on it - with minimal or no maneuverability and endurance, but at a low cost. Not a bad idea, but that would mean that the whole hovering-robot-of-death thing is be nothing more than press-flack hyperbole (which is, of course, unheard of). Posted by. Haninah at September 5, 2006 03.16 PM

I thought that a frisbee generated lift by acting as an airfoil, preforming like a wing as it move through the air with its own momentum.the spiningg only serves to keep it upright? Posted by. kevin at September 5, 2006 02.40 PM

Its an intriguing idea, but I don't know if frisbee flight is appropriate for a UAV. It may be good for loitering over an area, but I don't see how it could be more maneuverable than a micro-helicopter. They might also explore the effectiveness of a spin-stabilized frisbee munition. Pack the frisbee with some of the "skeet" spin-stabilized bomblets of the sensor fused weapon and fire it over a fortified position. The munition would slowly pass over the position and use a down-looking IP scope to pick out targets and deploy its submunitions. It could be like a cheaper, smaller, man-deployed alternative to close air support. Posted by. Robot. Economist at September 5, 2006 11.37 AM

I am not an engineer, but at least we can make some inference. >First of all, will this frisbee of death need to spin to generate lift, like a normal frisbee? >Because if it does - well, let's just say it's a bit hard to shoot in a straight line if you're >doing several rps. It would be worth spinning for lift as a gliding platform just like boomerangs that would not depend on such engine(s)/motor(s). Excluding engine(s)/motor(s) would eliminate the cost for adding such units, and improve the cost performance for mass production. As my impression, this seems to be a low cost type UAV for mass production versus high cost type UAVs that is limited in quantity. Regarding Fire Control System, I imagine a counter rotating mechanism in the center. When dispensed, just spin two portion seperately in the opposite direction. >Second, will a spinning body actally generate enough lift to keep this thing off the ground? A >normal fribee has to spin pretty fast to actually generate net lift - it's only doing that >for the first few seconds, if then, and after that it's only gliding, generating enough lift to >slow its fall but no more. I would imagine this depends on the weight, and design of the UAV, and rpm generated by the dispenser unit. >If the answer to the first question is that there's going to be a central body that's not >spinning that carries the firepower and a separate spinning body to provide lift, I don't >really see how you get a mechanical advantage over just building a micro-helicopter. But then, >I'm no aeronautical engineer. In short - awesome story! Once again, device such as boomerangs, and frisbees depends on external power at the boost stage, versus helicopters and jets able to fly by its onboard power. Eliminating onboard power source is likely to decrease the cost for production by eliminating addition of engines and motors. This allows the UAV to be built in large quantities, while UAVs with on board power source are likely to be more expensive, with less quantity availible. In low intensity conflicts, quantity also has importance to cover large area to respond to ambushes, since the concept of frontline often does not exist in low intensity conflicts as in Iraq today. In traditional warfare, you would likely send the UAVs down the main roads, and strategic points, find the enemy vehciles and bases before such attacks by these. There is the frontline where most attacks concentrates which quantity is less an issue. However, in guerilla warfare, the enemy may be less visible wearing civilian clothes, hiding for ambushes with hit-and-run tactics, attacks occuring in various locations at the same time. You need quantity for this case to cover large areas. Posted by. pedestrian at September 5, 2006 11.24 AM

Interesting concept, and a great story - best lede I've read in ages! - but a few striking technical questions. First of all, will this frisbee of death need to spin to generate lift, like a normal frisbee? Because if it does - well, let's just say it's a bit hard to shoot in a straight line if you're doing several rps. Second, will a spinning body actally generate enough lift to keep this thing off the ground? A normal fribee has to spin pretty fast to actually generate net lift - it's only doing that for the first few seconds, if then, and after that it's only gliding, generating enough lift to slow its fall but no more. If the answer to the first question is that there's going to be a central body that's not spinning that carries the firepower and a separate spinning body to provide lift, I don't really see how you get a mechanical advantage over just building a micro-helicopter. But then, I'm no aeronautical engineer. In short - awesome story! Posted by. Haninah at September 5, 2006 08.54 AM

Frisbee's SuperMarket - Your Galaxy Food Center, your neighbor with low prices, great fresh cuts of meats, and fruits and vegetables. Providing Old Fort and surrounding communities with friendly service and smiling faces. We keep our prices low to help our customers save! Check our weekly sales ads! Also besure to look at our events for things that are going on at our store!

— Monday, January 12th. The Frisbee as we know it was introduced this week in 1957, giving people of all ages, along with some talented dogs, an excuse for hours of fun. The name is thought to have come from the Frisbee Baking Company, which baked pies for colleges in New England for many years. Students soon discovered the empty pie tins could be sailed through the air. In 1948, Walter Morrison invented a plastic version, which he called the “Pluto Platter,” to cash in on the UFO craze. Today, the Frisbee is an established part of the inventory of the nation’s more than 45,000 sporting goods stores, which ring up sales of over $26 billion annually. You can find these and more facts about America from the U. S. Census Bureau online at www. census. gov. Sources. Famous First Facts, 7585, p. 577 2002 Economic Census, NAICS 451110

Review From the reviews. "In his fascinating book Spinning Flight, Ralph Lorenz provides a rich feast of …. examples of spinning bodies …. . The book is well organized …. . The discussion in the book …. should be accessible to readers with some elementary understanding of aerodynamic principles. For the expert, the book is full of open problems …. . Its scope is extensive …. . In this respect, there may be something for everyone within its attractively designed cover …. ." (H. K. Moffatt, Nature, Vol. 444, December, 2006) "If you liked physics at school, then this book is for you. It concerns itself with flying objects that spin through the air, and even tells you how to impress your friends with the biomechanics of Frisbees. …. there is plenty of information at all levels, and the book has a wealth of detail that only an aerospace engineer like Lorenz could have come up with." (Len Fisher, BBC Focus, February, 2007) "To my knowledge, Lorenz’.s work is the first in which the dynamics of spinning bodies have been treated under a single cover. …. Lorenz’.s book is written for the general reader who has a basic science education and is eager to learn about physics, even the most esoteric of subjects. …. When you want sometime off from the intense working environment of the modern technical world, sit down and read Spinning Flight –. and enjoy the ride." (John D. Anderson Jr, Physics Today, December 2007) Product Description More frisbees are sold each year than baseballs, basketballs and footballs combined. Yet these familiar flying objects have subtle and clever aerodynamic and gyrodynamic properties which are only recently being documented by wind tunnel and other studies. In common with other rotating bodies discussed in this readily accessible book, they are typically not treated in textbooks of aeronautics and the literature is scattered in a variety of places. This book develops the theme of disc-wings and spinning aerospace vehicles in parallel. Since many of the examples are recreational, anyone who enjoys these activities will likely find it profitable and enjoyable. In addition to spinning objects of various shapes, several exotic manned aircraft with disc planforms have been proposed and a prototypes built –. these include a Nazi ‘.secret weapon’. and the De Havilland Avrocar, also discussed in the book. Boomerangs represent another category of spinning aerodynamic body whose behavior can only be understood by coupling aerodynamics with gyrodynamics. The narrative, supported by equations and graphs, explains how the shape and throw of a boomerang relates to its trajectory. The natural world presents still other examples, namely the samaras or ‘.seed-wings’. of many tree species, which autorotate during their descent, like a helicopter whose engine has failed. The flight performance of these spinning wings directly affects the dispersal and thus the evolutionary competitiveness of the trees concerned. Samara-type configurations are also considered for instrumentation and other payload dispersal applications. In short, the book discusses a range of familiar, connected, but largely undeveloped, topics in an accessible, but complete, manner. From the reviews of the first edition. "In his fascinating book Spinning Flight, Ralph Lorenz provides a rich feast of …. examples of spinning bodies …. . The book is well organized …. . The discussion in the book …. should be accessible to readers with some elementary understanding of aerodynamic principles. For the expert, the book is full of open problems …. . Its scope is extensive …. . In this respect, there may be something for everyone within its attractively designed cover …. ." (H. K. Moffatt, Nature, Vol. 444, December, 2006) "If you liked physics at school, then this book is for you. It concerns itself with flying objects that spin through the air, and even tells you how to impress your friends with the biomechanics of Frisbees. …. there is plenty of information at all levels, and the book has a wealth of detail that only an aerospace engineer like Lorenz could have come up with." (Len Fisher, BBC Focus, February, 2007)

BouncingBalls, SpinningBullets, WorldWar, TedBailey, EuropeanSpaceAgency, AlanAdler, InstrumentedFlightVehicles, SarahHummel, BasicStamp, BarnesWallis, AerodynamicsofBalls, PioneerVenus, SovietUnion, LordRayleigh, UltimateFrisbee, SpinningFlight

Spinning Flight is for the reader who is curious about spinning and flying things. Some may wonder why do skipping stones veer to the right, why does a Frisbee veer to the left at the end of its flight, why do golf balls have dimples, how does a boomerang work. Others may be interested in spin stabilization of bullets, bombs, rockets. Still others will be fascinated by the role of spin in spaceflight, the landing of probes on distant bodies or by what spin can tell about the formation and life story of asteroids and comets. Lorenz uses a minimum of vector mechanics and equations to explain these phenomena and provides many illustrations based on cleverly instrumented flight experiments. Next time you skip a stone, you will think of it as a rewarding experiment not just an idle pleasure.

As you begin to move a Frisbee forward, the air in front of the Frisbee splits to flow either over the Frisbee or under it. Because of the Frisbee's shape and the angle at which it's held, the air that flows over the Frisbee has a longer distance to travel and arrives late at the back of the Frisbee. The air flowing under the Frisbee reaches the back first and initially flows upward, around the rear surface of the Frisbee. But once the Frisbee is moving fairly rapidly, this funny upward-flowing tail of air blows away from the back of the Frisbee. As it leaves, it draws the air flowing over the Frisbee with it and speeds that air up. As a result, the air over the Frisbee travels faster than the air under the Frisbee. But the airs above and below the Frisbee have the same amounts of total energy per gram. Since the faster moving air above the Frisbee has more kinetic energy than the slower moving air below the Frisbee, the air above the Frisbee must have less of some other form of energy than the air below the Frisbee. In fact, the air above the Frisbee has less pressure potential energy than the air below itthe air pressure above the Frisbee is less than that below the Frisbee. And since the pressure pushing on the bottom surface of the Frisbee is greater than the pressure pushing on the top surface of the Frisbee, there is a net upward pressure force on the Frisbee. This upward pressure force balances the downward weight of the Frisbee and keeps the Frisbee from falling.

The correct way to throw a boomerang is overhand and, unlike a Frisbee, in a nearly vertical plane. (Usually the ideal angle is about 15 from vertical.) The boomerang is essentially a rotating airplane wing, and its shape produces lift using the Bernoulli effect in the same way an airplane wing does. But when it is thrown, notice that the top blade of the boomerang is moving faster through the air than the bottom blade, because of the rotation. This results in there being more lift on the top blade than on the bottom. From a right-handed thrower's perspective, there is a lift up and to the left, more so at the top than at the bottom. The upward lift is what keeps the boomerang in the air. You might think the leftward twist flips the boomerang over, but wait! The boomerang is also a flying gyroscope. Leaning the gyroscopic boomerang over results in its turning to the left, much the same way that leaning a moving bicycle leftward toward the horizontal causes the front wheel to turn and not fall over. (This is also why spinning tops start to slowly turn their axis of rotation when they lean, a process called "precession".) The boomerang doesn't flip over, but instead turns its axis of rotation around in a large horizontal circle, and it comes back to you. After a moment's thought, you might wonder whether helicopters suffer the same effect. (How would a boomerang fly if thrown in a horizontal plane?) In fact, they do, and there is a tendency to pitch the helicopter upward (tip the nose up) precisely from this same effect, which the pilot instinctively corrects for.(Thanks to Prof. Paul Draper, from the Physics Department of the University of Texas at Arlington, for writing this explanation.)

William Russell Frisbie started the Frisbie Baking Company in the 1870's. College students tossed the Frisbie from one person to another. Walter Morrison became interested in flying saucers which led to the Frisbee trademark.

In order to understand the history of the Frisbee, we need to start at the beginning with the Frisbie Baking Company and explain briefly how this invention was eventually manufactured and produced by the Wham-O Company. Frisbie Baking Company Believe it or not a pie company in Bridgeport, Connecticut is responsible for the invention of the Frisbee. A man by the name of William Russell Frisbie decided to open a bakery in the 1870’s. He wanted this bakery to be a homemade pie bakery, so he had to decide the type of container he would use for the pies. William bought pie plates that were made out of tin and had the name of the bakery embossed on the bottom. This was the beginning of an invention that would be a part of history. History does not mention if children in Frisbie’s era played with the pie pans by sailing them in the air. But, in the mid 1940’s, Yale University students would use the empty pie tins to toss between themselves. The campus was not far from the Frisbie Baking Company. The Frisbie Baking Company also had locations throughout the region.

Walter Frederick Morrison The history of the Frisbee continues with a man by the name of Walter Frederick Morrison, who believe it or not had an interest in exploring the concept of flying saucers. Flying saucers were a reality for Morrison. He would contemplate in his mind the idea of alien life and the possibility of the aliens visiting earth and other planets. During the 1950’s, filmmakers were capturing this idea and creating on film. He wanted to give his concept of flying saucers more publicity and exposure so he made a lightweight metal toy disk. Pluto Platter Your imagination is correct if you visualize that with time the metal disk was constructed of plastic. In the construction of the metal disk, the shape helped the object to fly similar to that of a flying saucer. With the construction of this so-called flying saucer, Morrison’s version could fly further with better precision. On January 13, 1957, the invention could be purchased at a few West Coast stores. Morrison’s creation was referred to as the Pluto Platter. Wham-O Company Morrison shared his idea and product with Wham-O Company in San Gabriel, California who helped him market these saucers. The name given to the flying object was “Flyin’ Saucers”. If you take a good look at a Frisbee, you will notice a slope as the Frisbee curves slightly inward. This slope is referred to as the Morrison slope. Not too longer after ‘Flyin’ Saucers’ hit the market, they were manufactured out of plastic. Even though they were becoming slightly dangerous, they were still prevalent on the California beaches. Keep in mind that the students at Yale and Harvard were still sailing the empty pie pans through the air. Once the president, Richard Knerr, of Wham-O Company saw this he distributed the plastic flying saucers to the students. After talking to the students, he found they referred to the flying saucers as “Frisbies”. The game of tossing Frisbees was called “Frisbie-ing”. Knerr did not know the story behind the Frisbie Baking Company. therefore, he trademarked the word “Frisbee”. The Frisbie Baking Company closed its doors on 1958. This is the reason the word had a different spelling from the Frisbie Baking Company. Knerr obtained this trademark in 1959. Ultimate Frisbee So where did the Frisbee go from 1959? The Frisbee made another debut in 1964 due to Wham-O who made a professional version of the Frisbee. But the creativity did not stop there. In 1967, the Ultimate Frisbee was invented. High school students in New Jersey invented the Ultimate Frisbee. This Frisbee slightly weighs more because of its larger size. Ultimate programs are found in 42 countries and it is known that 100,000 people throughout the world are playing this game. This game will be included in the 2001 World Games in Japan. Frisbee goes Worldwide The Frisbee concept was found ten years later as a form of French golf! Los Angeles, California, was the first location to have a disc golf course. What happened to these golf courses using the Frisbee? The number of those golf courses is now numbered at about 500. History continues in 1991 as our war heroes in Operation Desert Shield on Saudi Arabia received a shipment of Frisbees. The U. S. Troops needed this game to boost their energy and relieve tension and stress. Mattel, Inc. now has the rights to the Frisbee. They purchased the Wham-O Company in 1994. Of course, other companies are also producing Frisbees. Today, Frisbees can be purchased in various sizes and Frisbees with designs are also popular. Wham-O did purchase the Frisbee from Mattel in 1997. San Francisco, California, is the current location for Wham-O. So the next time you find yourself enjoying the pleasure of throwing a Frisbee, take a moment and remember William Russell Frisbie and the Frisbie Baking Company.

Edward 'Steady Ed' Headrick told his family shortly before his death that he'd like his remains to be mixed-in with the plastic in special-edition Frisbees.

Just before he died, the creator of the game of Frisbee golf said he wanted his ashes to be mixed into new versions of the famous plastic disc and his family hopes these limited-edition Frisbees could be sold to help fund a museum in his honor. Edward Steady Ed Headrick made his wishes clear to his family in the weeks before his death at 3.30 a. m. Monday at his home in Santa Cruz, his son Dr. Daniel Headrick said today. For years, he used to joke about saying he wanted to live on as a Frisbee, Daniel Headrick said of his father. We always thought he was joking. But he made it clear he was serious. He wanted us to use his ashes in making some Frisbees. He even said he hopes we throw them around in his honor. The details of the tribute Frisbees and plans for a museum are still being worked out. Thousands of people want their ashes to float around the oceans and nobody thinks anything is weird about that, his son said. If he wanted his remains to be used in plastic discs that is really no different. Headrick, 78, died from complications resulting from two strokes he suffered July 22 while attending the Professional Disc Golf Association Amateur World Championships in Miami, his son said. He is considered the father of disc golf, which involves throwing a Frisbee into a metal cage, a sport now played by millions, according to Freestyle Frisbee Association's Web site. Headrick's association with the well-known flying disc began in the 1950s when he joined with Arthur Spud Melin and Richard Knerr, founders of Wham-O, Inc., a firm now based in Emeryville. Wham-O was already famous as inventor of the Hula Hoop. Wham-O sold its first Frisbee, originally called the Pluto Platter, in 1957, to satisfy America's obsession with flying saucers. In 1964, Headrick invented a Pro Model Frisbee, for decades the firm's best-selling model. In the 1970s, Headrick created the sport of disc golf. In 1982, Headrick left Wham-O to promote sports that use Frisbees. Headrick worked hard to encouragepeople to keep hurling Frisbees long after they passed their teenage years, his son said. Dad saw it as a playful sport that anyone could play, Daniel Headrick said. It wasn't just a thing for kids. For years, Headrick has donated disc golf equipment to a number of recreational programs for underprivileged youth. He lived for Frisbee, said Suzy Melin, the widow of Wham-O co-founder Melin. Ed Headrick was a big promoter of ultimate Frisbee. He was passionate about everything Frisbee. Headrick was cremated Monday night, along with a few of his favorite Frisbees. He is survived by his wife, Farina, three sons, a daughter and 11 grandchildren, all of whom play Frisbee. He did not want a funeral. But last week while he was seriously ill his family held a big party for him. He didn't want the party to happen after he died, his son said. He believed if we were going to celebrate his life he wanted to be there. Now his family is trying to figure out how they can carry out his last wishes. We really don't know how we are going to transform his ashes into Frisbees, Daniel Headrick said. It's something we never really thought about during his lifetime. It's not clear how Wham-O, Inc., feels about Headrick's desire to have his remains used in some of their flying discs. Headrick's family has not yet contacted the company, which did not return phone calls Tuesday. My father would be really happy if we actually played Frisbee with his remains, Danny Headrick said. He said he wanted to end up in a Frisbee that accidentally lands on someone's roof.

One of the most unique acts at this year's Groundhog Day Juggling Festival in Atlanta was performed by 31-year-old Gregg Hosfeld. This full-time comedy club and cruise ship performer exhibits a juggling style heavily influenced by many years of experience as a professional Frisbee player. The Groundhog Day judges selected Hosfeld as the Most Stupendous of 14 acts presented. (Chuck Gunter was Most Amazing and Jeff Daymont was Most Incredible.) Juggler's World conducted this interview with him after the competition. JW. Which came first, the Frisbee or the juggling? GH. I started with Frisbee when I was 10 or 12, and I learned to juggle when I was nine. But I never thought I'd do anything with juggling so I gave it up. But I've always been real goofy. I found out a long time ago if it's stupid or has no social relevance, I excel at it. So I joined Sailor Circus in 1974 doing clowning, stilts and really cheap magic. It was a circus for kids in the Sarasota County school system, so instead of going to football or baseball after school I went to circus. I actually have a school letter with a clown on it! JW. What did your parents think about that? GH. When I was in the Sailor Circus they were pretty pleased, but my old man got pretty ticked off that I was still doing it 10 years later. But heck, I'm seeing the country, even seeing the world, and getting paid probably better than if I was doing some menial job somewhere. JW. How did your career go after high school? GH. I never went to college. I joined a circus and a petting zoo trying to make a go of that, but didn't do very well. Then I went back to Sarasota to some real jobs until Sea World in Orlando had open auditions in 1979. That was what I consider my first real professional gig. I did eight 40-minute sets a day five days a week for two years - Frisbee stuff, juggling, coins, walking around meeting and greeting people. JW. So you really honed your juggling at Sea World? GH. Yeah, but I got canned from there for "economic adjustments." But a week later Circus World had open auditions and I got on there. That's where I really tightened up because there were other jugglers to work with - Tim Kapp the trampolinist, The Hernandez Troupe and Bill Whitmire the trapeze artist. They also had a lot of tapes I could look at. Then I got a job at Shakespeare's Tavern doing the three and four ball routines. JW. Had you started your professional Frisbee career by then? GH. Yeah. My first tournament was in 1976. Primarily freestyle, then golf, and eventually I got into all the events. Whammo offered me a frisbee tour after the tavern juggling and I did that for a while. That was in 1984, doing school assembly programs in an RV in February in the Midwest - 20 below zero playing Frisbee. I'd warm up for the Frisbee stuff doing some juggling, but there was no juggling in the show. After that I figured I'd go out on my own and I starved for about 18 months. But now it's going OK between the comedy clubs and the cruise ships. JW. What's your club routine like? GH. Basically I do a lot of standup stuff. I do some five ball stuff at the beginning to grab 'em - five in the air, some weird multiplex patterns and five on the ground or on someone's table. It's not too elaborate, but they're silicone balls and I paid $25 each for them, so by God I'm going to use them! After that I do stand-up stuff, an impression of one of those wrinkly Chinese dogs, and I talk about Sarasota and my car. Then I have a spy routine, which is my signature piece along with my miniature Frisbee routine. In the spy thing I do a lot of three ball stuff and cigar boxes. I'm happy to say there are only two puns in there and they're so gross they work. Most of it is a stupid story about being offered money to reveal a local weatherman's color radar plans. The characters are played by the props. I used to challenge people to give me odd objects, even before I heard of the Karamazov Brothers doing it. The weirdest was when they gave me a cowboy boot, a lit cigarette and a popcorn basket. It worked out, though, and I got it around three times. I can also do B-B's, but no one can see if they're more than 10 feet away, so I don't bother. JW. And what about the miniature Frisbee routine? GH. I went on Stupid Human Tricks with it in November 1986. I keep a tiny Frisbee in the air with short staccato breaths blown from beneath it. I had never done more than 29 breaths and I went on the show and hit 40. JW. How do your Frisbee and juggling work together to make you a unique performer? GH. I believe the Frisbee freestyle has really enhanced my three ball work, some of the under the leg stuff and pirouettes I do wouldn't be possible if I weren't used to doing those moves with Frisbees. And they're some specific throws I've learned to use juggling because I learned them with a Frisbee first. One is with the right leg behind you and the hand behind the shin. I call it a "bad attitude" throw because it's like a ballet dancer's back attitude. I really like doing ugly moves, very contorted. People see me and say, "Geez, he's going to kill himself!" JW. Does your juggling help your Frisbee at all? GH. They're both great hand-eye coordination skills. I've used juggling in Frisbee tournaments using three frisbees, but they count your drops and it can hurt your score if you don't hit it. It's a variety move, but the judges are kind of purists and don't consider juggling them as a true Frisbee skill. The freestyle stuff - spinning it on your fingers, doing the legovers, pirouettes, changing spins and turning it upside down - is more what they're looking for. JW. Are you finding yourself more attracted to juggling? GH. Yeah, the people are great, which is the same as at Frisbee tournaments, and all this trading tricks is good. JW. The only problem is that you can make money at Frisbee tournaments but can't make any at juggling conventions, right? GH. Well, I actually make more money with juggling than Frisbee. Frisbee tournaments were where I lost most of my money until recently. Even though I'm usually in the money in most events, there isn't enough to cover the cost of getting there. There are a lot of people who are really dedicated who don't make squat. In 1987 I won the World Frisbee Golf Championships in Toronto and got $2,500 Canadian. It was the best I'd ever played. I also won the Florida State Championships in 1981 and 1982, and made the finals in the US tournament in 1987 and 1988, but that's it. JW. You entered the IJA Individual Competition in Baltimore. How do you compare freestyle juggling and freestyle Frisbee? GH. As a rule I hate judged events because they're so subjective. I didn't make the finals in Baltimore, though, because I didn't hit anything in the prelims. It was without question, bar none, the worst I had ever done that routine. In some ways, though, the competitions are similar. In freestyle Frisbee you've got four categories - variety, difficulty, execution and creativity. But everyone's using the same prop at least. JW. Will you enter the IJA competitions again? GH. Oh yeah. I really want to do it in LA because I'll have time to practice the routine and think I can do it well. I want revenge on myself! Doing the routine so poorly in the preliminaries really made me mad. There's also a $40,000 Frisbee tournament in LA every year and I compete in that. This year it precedes the IJA convention by just three weeks so I want to work them out together. JW. Do you think your Frisbee moves are appreciated by the juggling judges? GH. I'm a little worried that they won't consider Frisbee to be juggling or manipulation. But if that's the case I have some questions to ask about diabolo, ball spinning, devil sticks, club swinging and hat manipulation. I think the main problem is that the judges haven't had any prior experience with Frisbee. In my opinion Frisbee is pretty damn hard, and I'm in the upper levels of the competition. I don't want to have one of my skills not count for anything. JW. What's your future in Frisbee and in juggling now? GH. For Frisbee in general, I've really enjoyed it but I can only do it for grins now because it's taking away from my career, which is juggling and entertaining. But I'll compete in Frisbee tournaments as long as I'm capable. I was considering retiring a while ago when I was still hot, but I couldn't. I really enjoy the freestyle competition. It's so "turbo," so intense, and you can do anything you want with your creativity. That's what I enjoy about juggling, too. The juggling I'll do until my body revolts, but my body has been said to be revolting already! I'm trying to work on more stand-up comedy to have something to fall back on once I'm too decrepit to juggle. JW. How are you received as a variety artist in comedy clubs? GH. It seems like the audiences really enjoy it. The owners themselves are questionable, but they have to be apathetic toward you so you won't ask too much money when you come back. Actually I think it's an advantage with the crowd and a disadvantage with the owners. But I have more venues available, like the ships that I've done since October 1988. I'd like to explore the vaudeville circuit, but haven't yet. I went to Benny Reehl's workshop last summer and he said he thought I'd do well there. JW. How many juggling conventions have you been to? GH. This is my fourth, and three of them have been in Atlanta. I was at the national convention here in 1985, last year's Groundhog, this year's Groundhog and last summer's convention in Baltimore. I like Frisbee golf a lot and that's my best event. I'm a weanie arm in distance even though I can throw over 350 feet. But you should see these other guys! I've got a friend skinnier than I am who threw 623 feet a while ago. Double disc tennis is a new event that's incredible. It's like space age tennis! JW. We haven't seen you juggle clubs at all, why not? GH. I just don't get off on clubs. I like balls and boxes and other bizarre stuff. Coin catches off the arm.

The Flying Disk The flying disk, a fixture at American beaches, parks, backyards and college campuses, was first developed independently on the East and West Coasts during the 1940s and 50s. The tradition of throwing disks for play or sport extends from ancient Greece to the modern Olympics. However, in the 1940s, students at Yale University unintentionally put a twist on this tradition. they distracted themselves between classes by tossing around the shallow tin platters in which the popular pies of the nearby William R. Frisbie bakery were sold. The fad soon spread to other New England schools. Meanwhile, in the 1950s, Walter F. Morrison of southern California created a toy disk that would fly and hover like the alien spacecraft made popular by Hollywood at that time. Soon after switching from metal to plastic material, Morrison reached an agreement with the Wham-O Company to produce and distribute these Flyin' Saucers (1957), which were an instant success locally. The next year, Wham-O's president, Richard Knerr, made a marketing tour of the East coast. He was amazed to find Harvard and Yale students already playing with their own disks, namely the pie-pans they called Frisbies. Knerr distributed his own improved disks and borrowed the name, which he trademarked as Frisbee without knowing what it meant (1959). Since the 1960s, disks have given rise to a series of formal sports and international associations. The most popular of these sports is Ultimate, created by Joel Silver of New Jersey in 1967. its first World Championship was held in Sweden in 1983. Disks themselves have also developed. for example, the 13 inch Aerobie ring created by a Stanford University engineer is registered as the world's farthest thrown object, at 1,257 feet (1985). For casual pastime or competitive sport, Frisbees and other flying disks will always be a mainstay of outdoor activity.

Here at 1,609 metres above sea level, the air is fresh and clear, the people are friendly, and mountains soar invitingly in the distance. everything would be perfect, in fact, if it weren't for the Democratic convention. Protests are one of the biggest potential headaches. mayor John Hickenlooper has trained his police force to be prepared for demonstrators to "throw human excrement". Meanwhile, convention organisers seem to fear some rather creative objections from supporters of Hillary Clinton. They've already set up a "whip team" to try to keep them in line if they "start blowing kazoos", as one insider put it. now it emerges that among the items banned from Barack Obama's big nomination acceptance speech on Thursday are "shoes with wheels", "frisbees", and "cowbells". So if the Clintonites had been plotting some kind of morris-dancing-meets-Starlight-Express demonstration of their discontent, it'll be back to the drawing board. Unprecedentedly, the Republicans have established a "war room" within walking distance of the Pepsi Centre, the red-brick and green-glass convention venue in downtown Denver, where Michelle Obama will be the featured speaker tonight. Rudy Giuliani and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, who's still the favourite to be John McCain's vice-president, will spearhead a sequence of press conferences designed to distract attention from the goings-on up the street. They'll also unveil a "Joe Biden Gaffe Clock" to count the running-mate's slip-ups. Biden helped them along at his first appearance with Obama in Illinois on Saturday by referring to "Barack America" - but only after Obama had introduced him as "the next president." Journalists sneaking a first glimpse of the convention floor this weekend were surprised to note that the delegation from Delaware had been given the worst spot in the house when it comes to getting a good view of the podium (not including, of course, the cramped holding bays in the rafters to which foreign journalists will be exiled). The dissing of the Delawareans seemed strange in the light of Obama's decision to pick Biden, a Delaware senator, as his vice-presidential candidate. Then, yesterday, came this media advisory. "The Democratic national convention committee announced today that the Delaware delegation would move to the front of the Pepsi Centre." What's the point of running for vice-president if you can't swing a few perks like that?

More frisbees are sold each year than baseballs, basketballs and footballs combined. Yet these familiar flying objects have subtle and clever aerodynamic and gyrodynamic properties which are only recently being documented by wind tunnel and other studies. In common with other rotating bodies discussed in this readily accessible book, they are typically not treated in

We are not for sure that a guy at Yale, who was first throwing around plates through the halls and just being a jerk, invented the frisbee. The one thing we do know is that while he was being a jerk someone yelled "Frisb.ee.ee" to warn somebody that their head was about to be dented if he didn't move. But why "Frisbee"? Because a company called Frisbee Baking Company made the pies that were on the flying disks. Of course they were eaten before the plates were thrown around.

Okay, here's the thing though. Other colleges are saying that they were the place where the frisbee was once invented, including Princeton, Dartmouth, and Amherst. There is even a statue of a dog catching a frisbee in mid-air at Middlebury college in Vermont to celebrate the claim that a group of Middlebury boys discovered the Frisbee on a road trip to Nebraska in 1938. They somehow got a flat tire and started to play with a empty pie plate because of boredness. It was destiny or so-called.

But there is still all the others who THINK they invented the frisbee. Like the Yallies still say they did it first and just so you know some of these dates that they say they invented it, go back as far as the 1820's. I mean your great grandparents were probably not even born by then.

Anyway, we are pretty sure that the frisbee was born in 1948 by Walter Morrison, a building inspector in California, who made plastic pie tins he used to throw. He named his first frisbee "Rotary Fingernail Clipper", which didn't attract the public one bit. Then hoping to make something, he changed the name to "Pluto Platter" with even stamped instructions to it saying, "Flat flip flies straight. Tilted flip curves. Play catch. Invent games." But he still wasn't a rich man. That didn't come until 1957 when two USC grads named Rich Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin paid him $1,000,000 for his invention. WOW, that's a lot of money!

In the 60's the frisbee made its mark. It became one of the greatest toys for people sold by Wham-O.

Since then the frisbee has been used for all kinds of things including a sport. A rather fun one I must say. People throw frisbees for dogs and just for an energy-wasting fun game. Try it!

The majority of these techniques find use in the occupational hygiene and pollution measurement fields. Two passive techniques were found to be of particular interest and these are described below. The challenge in this instance, was to find techniques that could be interpreted with direct relevance to the collections i. e. object centred. The technique chosen should give a clear indication of the dust levels that may be accumulating on the object. Techniques were sought that had minimum aural and visual impact, low power requirements and data easily comparable to the objects. Budgetary restraints were significant in selecting the appropriate monitoring method. Passive methods were initially chosen because they are readily comparable to Museum objects. Two types of passive systems were chosen, a Dry Frisbee Dust Deposit Gauge (DFDG) and a Glass Slide Deposit Gauge (GSDG), each having particular advantages. Obviously, differences in electrostatic properties, surface morphology and micrometeorology between the samplers and the objects did not allow direct comparisons. Monitoring passively had the advantage that it met the criteria for reduced maintenance and cost requirements while minimising noise and power problems. One draw back to the techniques chosen was their comparatively long sampling times.

Figure 2. Frisbee Dust Deposit Gauge. Photography by VA Photographic Studio (click image for larger version)

A Frisbee shaped dish, placed on a stand 1.7m above the ground, was to act as a collection surface (Figure 2). In the field, the DFDG would rely on rain to wash the particulate matter into a collection bottle. Since rain was unlikely in the Theatre Museum, deionised water was sprayed gently over the gauge every few days using a plant watering bottle. After one month the water in the bottle was filtered through a pre-weighed equilibrated filter paper. the paper was then re-equilibrated and weighed to measure the quantity of dust deposited. A simple equation gives the rate of deposition per square metre per day.

In a survey of this nature and duration the data sets are limited. This prevents the use of normal statistical procedures due to increased and uncertain variability. Therefore, results, though interesting, need to be examined with caution. Further study is required before conclusions can be expanded and verified. Three notable events occurred during the monitoring periods. a bomb exploded in Aldwych, gas cylinders exploded in The Strand, and an exhibition was dismantled in the main exhibition area of the Theatre Museum. By subtracting the data relevant to these events it is possible to offer a different interpretation to those set out in this paper. However, due to the size of the data set and uncertainty in the influence of these events, the data is presented unaltered. Overall, no link was found between external data and that collected inside the Museum. A correlation existed between the external monitor and the door monitor during demolition. Standard correlation techniques also revealed some relationships among the three internal slides during both monitoring periods. Perhaps the most important point was that the internal and external environments act as separate entities. Therefore, the point sources for dust have varying significance depending on the environment involved. Identifying significant point sources in and around a central London building is problematic, so any relationships found are circumstantial and have varying degrees of significance for internal and external environments. Only two sets of readings were obtained using the Frisbee Dust Deposit Gauge during the monitoring phase. results were below 3mg m-

Installation, Gloss Reduction Readings and SEM of slides. Stuart Adams Environmental Science Unit Department of Geography Queen Mary Westfield College Mile End Road London E1 4NS Frisbee manufactured by. Ian Hanby Chartered Engineer 4, Elston Hall Elston Newark NG23 5NP

5. Vallack, H. W., Protocol for Using the Dry Frisbee Dust Deposit Gauge, Stockholm Environment Institute, Biology Department, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO1 5YW, July 1995.

A lot of weddings take place at the Picnic House in Prospect Park and some of them, apparently, leave behind wedding favors. For instance, these Carl Erin wedding frisbees. From a reader email. My housemate and his brother were walking towards The Long Meadow in Prospect Park when they came upon a sack of discarded frisbees which were apparently wedding favors from 2005. Are Carl and Erin still together? We hope they are.

Carl and Erin are much better looking in real life, for reals. Cherish that frisbee, they only gave out 2,500 of them. Seriously, Carl Erin are are an awesome couple. Ween sucks, btw.. )

Unwittingly informing the Shanghai expat community it had found its sporting calling. Fast, furious and unremittingly merciless, this is not a sport for the faint-hearted. We can’t promise motivational talks from Lance Armstrong or Chuck Norris, but with a little practice you’ll soon be able to dodge, dip, duck and dive like the Average Joes. And what’s more, you’ll love it. As John Cox, a veteran of the Shanghai league – with the scars to prove it – so succinctly explains. “I hang out with friends, drink beers and throw rubber balls at other expats. why wouldn't I play dodgeball?” Ultimate Frisbee

Ultimate Frisbee Starts. Right now! Where. Mondays at Jing’an Workers’ Stadium, 7-8pm fitness, no charge. 8-10pm pick up game RMB50. Saturdays at Century Park, Pudong Cost. RMB50 per session Contact.

Despite emerging only recently, Ultimate Frisbee is one of the fastest-growing sports in the world. Originally developed on college campuses in the US during the ‘60s and ‘70s as a fun and unconstrained way of bringing people together, today it boasts more than 100,000 players worldwide. Ultimate is a self-officiated sport, in which sportsmanship and mutual respect are imbued through a loose, mystical-sounding code known as the ‘Spirit of the Game.’ As the official rules state. “Highly competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of the bond of mutual respect between players.” So a bit like cricket, before the Australians got involved. Newcomers are often surprised to find they’re just as likely to hear encouragement from the opposition as their own team. “Ultimate provides a great balance between highly competitive sport and social inclusiveness,” explains club captain Mike ‘Nads’ Narodovich. “All types of people play here, from language students to company CEO’s, and we have an age range of 16-47.” The social aspect of Ultimate is key, with Hat tournaments – so-called because traditionally the competing teams are picked randomly from a hat – providing an excuse for a weekend of partying and bonding with fellow associations as much as serious competition. “All the major Asian cities have an Ultimate club, and we compete in tournaments on a monthly basis,” says Mike. This month sees Kunming host it’s first ever Hat, and the Shanghai branch will be sending a team. Shanghai will host its annual tournament on 21-22 June. Running for ten years, the 2008 event saw over 250 participants from fifteen teams.

Wham-o, Aerobie, and more. When thinking of Quality Recreation, Look to Wham-o and Aerobie featuring Whamo Frisbee, Whamo Hacky Sack, Aerobie Flying Discs, Wham-o Slip 'N Slide, Hula Hoop and other quality recreational products!

Wham-o, Aerobie, and more. When thinking of Quality Recreation, Look to Wham-o and Aerobie featuring Whamo Frisbee, Whamo Hacky Sack, Aerobie Flying Discs, Wham-o Slip 'N Slide, Hula Hoop and other quality recreational products! You need to go no further than Wham-o and Aerobie for Quality Recreation

Balloons Bic Lighters Caps Chip Clips Chocolate Mints Emery Boards Flashlights Folding Mirror Footballs, Promo Frisbees Key Chains Letter Openers Logo Candy Logo Floor Mats Matches MegaPhones Mighty Grip Jar Opener Mirror Mugs Pencils Pocket Screwdrivers Pocket Knives Portfolios by Leeds Rulers Sport Bottles Stress Balls Tape Measures Golf Umbrellas Yard Sticks ZIPPO Lighters

Promotional Frisbees are a great promotional item for your whole corporate family, right down to the kids. Get your imprinted Frisbees at Gary Austin Advertising. How about a Frisbee with your Wedding Date on it. That's right a Personalized Wedding Favor Frisbee !

In 1967 Joel Silver introduced his idea of Ultimate Frisbee to the Columbia High School student council in Maplewood New Jersey, USA. The next year, the first game was played between two groups of students. They used a Wham-O Master disc.

At CD and DVD Burners forum. I just bought Plextor 708UF (USB2.0). So far I have been able to burn one CD at whooping 8x. Before that I had ten frisbees. I also tried DVD ands so far no good, four frisbees. The problem is a bit different every time but the most common is

I just bought Plextor 708UF (USB2.0). So far I have been able to burn one CD at whooping 8x. Before that I had ten frisbees. I also tried DVD ands so far no good, four frisbees. The problem is a bit different every time but the most common is that after a while (10%-70% recorded) the flash light goes into steady orange, the user buffer stays at 100% and the buffer is emptied. When it hangs until I shut down the recorder. I did read the FAQ, so both IDE/TA are in Ultra DMA mode, ASPI is 4.71 and I updated VIA 4 in 1 drivers to the latest (4.49). The system is a AMD Athlon XP 1700+ on a VIA K7T266 Pro2 motherboard. There's two SCSI interfaces, both Adaptec AHA-2940U/AHA-2940UW. To the first I have two system SCSI disks and to the other a Plexwriter 8220. A third harddisk ATA/66 is connected via the builtin VIA IDE/ATA. I have lately added a Belkin USB 2.0 2-port PCI and one port is connected to a Belkin USB 2.0 4-port hub. The PX-708 is connected to the other port. I have one Maxtor harddisk connected via the hub. I have tried both with Nero us. (taht came with the Plextor) and the latest ( us. ). The firmware is of course 1.03. I tried Plextor support, the response was upgrade firmware (done, didn't help) and downgrade software (done, didn't help). I tried burn the same files with my old plexwriter 8220 and it worked perfectly as always at 8x. With the PX-708 I had one good at 8x and many failures, even at 4x. Anyone that has the slightest problem what could be wrong or what I could try ? Since the burning starts 8and actually finsished once) I assume the device is working correctly.

# 1 frisbee's, aha 2940 ou driver, belkin usb installation cd iso, burn many cd, cannot find quantum px 50 error code 32, driver ibm dcas-34330w, driver plextor px-708uf, driver quantum viking ii 9.1 wls, drivers for px-708uf - dvd±r/rw cd-r/rw - external, dvd write plextor px-708uf

The Kite Shop offers single-line kites and stunt kites, power kites and traction kites, plus Aerobies, frisbees and diablos. With 97% of orders despatched the same working day, we pride ourselves on excellent customer service. We've been supplying kites worldwide since 1995 - you can rely on us for expert kite advice and rapid delivery.

Besides polycarbonates ('Flight of the Frisbee', 28 July), there's another product of the chemical industry which contributes to Aerobie-like performance. the humble gasket. As a vacation-job shiftworker in a chemical plant in the early 1970s, trudging a tank farm with clipboard and pencil (a task hopefully now assumed by a nanosecond's attention from a microprocessor), I relieved the tedium by collecting discarded pipeline gaskets. The larger ones flew fairly straight courses of at least a hundred yards, landing with a satisfying splash in a nearby settlement lagoon. As with the structure of the Aerobie, I observed that those with stubbed and splayed edges were more likely to reach the target than undamaged ones. In all cases, the otherwise flat cross-section generated little lift. I leave as an exercise for others proof of the proposition that the bolt perforations somehow assist stable flight. Ed Matthews Kingston, Surrey

Welcome to Discfly! Disc sports provide great fun with a small investment in equipment. Best of all, playing disc golf and other Frisbee sports is generally free! Exercise, entertainment and the outdoors combine with our more than 600 products for disc golf, ultimate frisbee, freestyle frisbee, and dog discs.

A trademark used for a plastic disk-shaped toy that players throw and catch. This trademark sometimes occurs in print meaning “a throw-and-catch game played with this toy”. “The Mall is a better place to play Frisbee with a dog” (Los Angeles Times).

BackgroundNearly 300 million frisbees have been sold since their introduction 40 years ago, for both organized sports and recreational play. According to Mattel, 90% of Americans have played with this flying toy at one time or another, translating to 15 million people enjoying the sport every year. Now, older versions of this toy have become collectors'. items worth hundreds of dollars or more. The frisbee'.s origins actually go back to a bakery called the Frisbie Pie Company of New Haven, Connecticut, established by William Russell Frisbie after the Civil War. The bakery stayed in operation until 1958, and during this period, the tossing of the company'.s pie tins, first by company drivers and later by Ivy League college students (some say it was cookie tin lids), led to frisbie becoming a well known term describing flying disc play in the Northeast. Several years after World War II, Walter Frederick Morrison—.the son of the inventor of the automobile sealed-beam headlight—.and his partner Warren Franscioni, investigated perfecting the pie tin into a commercial product. First, they welded a steel ring inside the rim to improve the plate'.s stability, but without success. Then, they switched to plastic and the frisbee as we know it today was born. The initial design, which incorporated six curved spoilers or vanes on the top, was vastly improved in 1951 and thus became the Pluto Platter, the first mass-produced flying disc. This design, which incorporates a slope on the outer third of the disc, has remained part of the basic design to this day. The Morrison Pluto Platter had the first true cupola (cabin in Morrison'.s terns) and resembled the concept of flying saucers (UFOs) depicted during this period complete with portholes. In 1954, Dartmouth University held the first frisbee tournament, involving a game called Guts. The founders of Wham-O, a California toy company, became interested in this flying disc in 1955 and about a year later began production after acquiring the rights from Morrison. The name was changed to frisbee after the company heard about the pie tin game on the east coast called Frisbie-ing. (Wham-O first marketed the Pluto Platter in January of 1957, but didn'.t add the word frisbee until July 1957.) In 1959, the first professional model frisbee was produced. It wasn'.t until the early 1960s when frisbees became the rage and soon organizations became established to promote sporting events, including the International Frisbee Association and the Olympic Frisbee Federation. The first game of Ultimate Frisbee, a sport of both distance and accuracy similar to football, was played in 1968 at a New Jersey high school. Now, it is played at nearly 600 colleges and in 32 countries. In 1969, the U. S. Army even invested $400,000 to see if flares placed on frisbees would stay aloft but without success. During the 1970s, several organizations were formed to promote specific events, including disc golf, freestyle, and Guts. The Professional Disc Golf Association (PDGA) now has over 14,000 members in 20 countries playing on over 700 frisbee golf courses. Today, 40,000 athletes in 35 countries compete in Ultimate Frisbee. The formation of such associations led to world championships being held during the 1980s. Today, organized competitions in nine different events (including disc golf and freestyle) take place each year around the world, under the auspices of the World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF). Established in 1984, WFDF has member associations in 22 countries and provisional members in an additional 28 countries. During Operation Desert Shield in 1991, frisbee was used to boost the morale of the 20,000 U. S. soldiers on duty in Saudi Arabia. DesignManufacturers of frisbees use computer aided design software to create a model. A prototype is then made to test the design. Sometimes, a wind tunnel and other sophisticated methods are used to test flying characteristics, depending on the type of frisbee. Manufacturing tolerances within a few thousandths of an inch are now incorporated into the design. Designers are always looking for new ways to manipulate the physical properties that dictate flight characteristics by changing the design or shape in order to improve lift, drag, spin, angular momentum, torque and other forces that affect how an object flies. For instance, adding a small lip and concave edge to a disc greatly increases its stability in flight. A major obstacle disk designers must overcome is this instability caused by gyroscopic precession, the tendency of spinning objects to roll right or left in flight, depending on the direction of their spin and where they get their aerodynamic lift. The closer the disk'.s center of gravity remains to its center of lift, the more stable and straight the flight. As a spinning disk flies, its center of lift is near the front, or leading edge, of the disc and tends to pitch the disc upward. Because of the spin, much of the lifting force on a point near the disc'.s edge does not exert itself until about a quarter of a revolution later. Such gyroscopic precession pushes the disc up on the side, causing a sideways roll. This is why frisbees, which typically are thrown backhand to spin clockwise as viewed from the top, tend to roll left from the thrower'.s perspective in flight. Once in the air, lift and angular momentum act on the frisbee, giving it a ballet-type performance. Lift is generated by the frisbee'.s shaped surfaces as it passes through the air. Maintaining a positive angle of attack, the air moving over the top of the frisbee flows faster than the air moving undemeath it. Under the Bemoulli Principle, there is then a lower air pressure on top of the frisbee than beneath it. The difference in pressure causes the frisbee to rise or lift. This is the same principle that allows planes to take off, fly, and land. Another significant factor acting upon the frisbee'.s lift is Newton'.s Third Law. It states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The frisbee forces air down (action) and the air forces the frisbee upward (reaction). The air is deflected downward by the frisbee'.s tilt, or angle of attack. Spinning the frisbee when it is thrown, or giving it angular momentum, provides it with stability. Angular momentum is a property of any spinning mass. Throwing a frisbee without any spin allows it to tumble to the ground. The momentum of the spin also gives it orientational stability, allowing the frisbee to receive a steady lift from the air as it passes through it. The faster the frisbee spins, the greater its stability. Raw MaterialsFrisbees have been made out of a thermoplastic material called polyethylene since the early 1950s. Polyethylene is the largest volume polymer consumed in the world. This material is derived from ethylene, a colorless, flammable gas. This gas is subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst, which converts the gas into a polymer. Other ingredients that may be added include colorants, lubricants, and chemicals to improve dimensional stability and crack resistance. The ManufacturingProcessTo make a frisbee, a high-speed process called injection molding is used, which is based on the injection of a fluid plastic material into a closed mold, usually of the multi-cavity type. Once in the mold, the plastic is cooled to a shape reflecting the cavity. Since complex shapes can be made using this process, minor trimming after removal from the mold is the only other finishing required. Because of these advantages, this process is used to manufacture a wide range of products, from various toys to automotive bumpers. A molding machine equipped with a hopper, heated extruder barrel, reciprocating screw, nozzle, and mold clamp is typically used. This machine heats the plastic until it is able to flow readily under pressure, pressurizes this melt to inject it into a closed mold, holds the mold closed both during injection and solidification of the material, and opens the mold to allow removal of the solid part. Raw material preparation

The plastic pellets are then shipped to the frisbee manufacturer in 50-100 lb ( us. kg) bags or in a 500-1,000 lb ( us. kg) box. The plastic pellets are put into a large drum, to which pigments and weight-enhancing additives are added. A bonding agent such as oil is used to adhere the pigment to the pellets. The drum is vibrated to blend the materials together.

After the frisbee is removed from the mold, an imprint or decoration is applied with the name of the frisbee, manufacturer and other information or designs. There are three methods used, with hot stamping the most common. Other methods involve applying ink by using a silk screen or letter press machine. The letter press uses a different ink pad for each color.

After decorating, the frisbees are ready for packaging. One method involves placing each frisbee into a plastic bag to which a cardboard header is automatically attached with staples. Another method places the frisbee onto a cardboard backing, which is then shrink wrapped with a plastic film. Sometimes the frisbees are packaged in boxes.

Quality ControlThe weight is one of the most important properties and is automatically controlled during the injection molding process by the screw on the machine that pushes the proper amount of material into the mold. Another important property for golf frisbees is flexibility, which is tested by putting a weight on the edge of the disc and measuring the degree it bends. The PDGA only needs to test one sample of a new golf disc for flexibility. Byproducts/WasteThere is usually little waste produced during the manufacturing process. Sometimes after the frisbee is removed from the mold, it has excess material, called flash, around the edge. This is trimmed off, sent to a regrinding machine and then mixed with the virgin material. Other frisbees may be rejected if they are not the correct weight or have deco-rating defects. After the decoration is removed, by either cutting or by using a solvent depending on the application method, the rejects are also recycled in a similar way. The FutureThe frisbee is expected to dominate the twenty-first century as one of the great sports and pastimes. Frisbee sports should continue to grow, as well as collector groups interested in preserving its history. Though other flying toys have come onto the market—.such as boomerangs, cylinders, and rings—.the flying disc will continue to provide more hours of entertainment to people around the globe than probably anything else ever invented. Disc golf specifically is experiencing record growth. In each of the last three years the number of courses in the United States alone has increased by 10%. Such growth should continue since there are still many areas of the country that are not yet aware of disc golf and the benefits it offers. Also, frisbee may some day be an Olympic sport. For a sport to be eligible for the Olympics, it must be played for two years in at least 50 countries. Ultimate Frisbee is already played in 35 countries and its popularity is growing, along with other frisbee sports. Where to Learn MoreBooksHorowitz, Judy and Billy Bloom. Frisbee, More Than Just A Game of Catch. Leisure Press, 1983.Johnson, Dr. Stancil, ed. Frisbee. A Practitioner'.s Manual and Definitive Treatise. New York. Workman Publishing Company, 1975.Malafronte, Victor. The Complete Book of Frisbee. The History of the Sport &. the First Official Price Guide. American Trends Publishing Co., 1998.Tips, Charles. Frisbee by the Masters. Celestial Arts, 1977.PeriodicalsLeary, Warren E., Lift. ".Drag, Spin and Torque. Sending Toys Aloft.". New York Times (June 20, 1995).Weismantel, Rick. ".Part geometries, quality factors, and cycle times affect equipment choices.". Modern Plastics (Mid-November 1994). D-74-D-79.OtherInnova-Champion Discs, Inc. 11090 Tacoma Drive, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730. (909) us. Disc Golf Association. Inc. 3830 Del Amo Blvd., Suite 101, Torrance, CA. (415) us. World Flying Disc Federation. Http.//www. wfdf. org/.[Article by. Laurel Sheppard]

Frisbeeee! The story has it that back in the 1920s Yale students would play catch with metal pie tins from Bridgeport's Frisbie Baking Company. To warn unwary passers-by as a tin was flying through the air, they would yell out, "Frisbieee!" Years later, an adapted version of the flying disc made out of plastic was sold to the Wham-O toy company for $1 million. Wham-O introduced the toy to the public on this date in 1957, and called it the Pluto Platter. A year later, they changed the name to Frisbee. A variety of frisbee-like toys has been spawned, made from different, more flexible materials.

Flying discs (commonly called Frisbees) are disc-shaped objects, which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8–10inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross-section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotating. The name Frisbee is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, but is often used generically to describe all flying discs. Flying discs are thrown and caught for recreation, and as part of many different flying disc games. A wide range of flying disc variants are available commercially. Disc golf discs are usually smaller but denser and are tailored for particular flight profiles to increase/decrease stability and distance. Disc dog sports use relatively slow flying discs made of more pliable material to better resist a dog's bite and prevent injury. Ring shaped discs are also available which typically fly significantly farther than any traditional flying disc. There are illuminated discs meant for night time play which use phosphorescent plastic, or battery powered light emitting diodes. There are also discs that whistle when they reach a certain velocity in flight.

That in 1820, an undergraduate named Elihu Frisbie grabbed a passing collection tray from the chapel and flung it out into the campus, thereby becoming the true inventor of the Frisbee. That tale is dubious, as the "Frisbie's Pies" origin is well-documented. Walter Frederick Morrison claims that it was a popcorn can lid that he tossed with his girlfriend (and later wife) Lu at a 1937 Thanksgiving Day gathering in

Wham-O co-founder Richard Knerr, decided to stimulate sales by giving the discs the additional brand name "Frisbee" (pronounced the same as "Frisbie"), after hearing that East Coast college students were calling the Pluto Platter by that name. The man who was behind the Frisbee's phenomenal success however was "Steady" Ed Headrick, hired in 1964 as Wham-O's new General Manager and Vice President in charge of marketing. Headrick soon redesigned the Pluto Platter by reworking the rim thickness, and top design, creating a more controllable disc that could be thrown accurately.

Sales soared for the toy, which was marketed as a new sport. In 1964, the first "professional" model went on sale. Headrick patented the new design as the Frisbee patent, highlighting the “Rings of Headrick” and marketed and pushed the professional model Frisbee and "Frisbee" as a sport. (US Patent 3,359,678).

Later founded "The International Frisbee Association (IFA)" and began establishing standards for various sports using the Frisbee such as Distance, Freestyle and Guts. Upon his death, Headrick was cremated, and his ashes, in accordance with his final requests, were put into Frisbees.

Morrison, Fred. Phil Kennedy (January 2006). Flat Flip Flies Straight!. True Origins of the Frisbee. Wethersfield, CT. Wormhole Publishers. ISBN us.

Malafronte, Victor A. (May 1998). in F. Davis Johnson (ed.). The Complete Book of Frisbee. The History of the Sport the First Official Price Guide, Rachel Forbes (illus.), Alameda, CA. American Trends Publishing Company. ISBN us.

Stancil. E. D., and Johnson, M. D.. Frisbee, A Practitioner's Manual and Definitive Treatise, Workman Publishing Company, New York (July, 1975). ISBN us.

Norton, Gary. The Official Frisbee Handbook, Bantam Books, Toronto/New York/London (July, 1972). no ISBN

Danna, Mark, and Poynter, Dan. Frisbee Players' Handbook, Parachuting Publications, Santa Barbara, California (1978). ISBN us.

Tips, Charles, and Roddick, Dan. Frisbee Sports Games, Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1979). ISBN us.

Lorenz, Ralph. Spinning Flight. Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras and Skipping Stones, Copernicus, New York (September 2006). ISBN us.

From Today's Highlights January 13, 2006 Frisbeetarianism is the belief that when you die, your soul goes up on the roof and gets stuck.

Kan-Jam is a fast-paced, interactive team game that is easy to learn and fun to play. You've heard of Ultimate Frisbee and Frisbee Golf, but Kan-Jam is is truly the ultimate frisbee game! This frisbee game consists of two target goals and a colorful flying disc. Four players, divided into teams of two, take turns throwing and deflecting the frisbee as they try to score points by hitting or entering the goal. The first team to score 21 points wins the game, unless a player throws a hugely popular "Instant Win".

While Kan-Jam is traditionally a frisbee backyard game, it's really the perfect game for just about any event!

As a frisbee game, Kan-Jam offers many rewarding benefits, and is a perfect, fun game that is great for the whole family. Kan-Jam can be set up in a matter of seconds and can be played by people of all ages and skill levels. The game promotes friendly competition and provides a healthy form of exercise.

When I posted Michael Dylan Welchs old frisbee haiku over the weekend, I wasnt aware that the nation is in the midst of celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Frisbee. [See, for example, "Frisbee still flying high after 50 years. Disc's inventor never thought name would fly,"

June 16, 2007. and purchase the Wham-O 50th Anniversary 175g Ultimate Frisbee Disc for a mere $11.99.] Along with a bit of fun nostalgia for us Baby Boomers, frisbee stories present good lessons for students and practitioners of intellectual property law. For example, although its designated inventor Walter Fred Morrison thought it was insane to rename his

Frisbee, the AP report explains. Frisbee instead became insanely popular, making the name as synonymous with flying discs as Google is with searching the Internet and Kleenex is with tissue. But Wham-O doesnt allow the Frisbee name to be thrown around indiscriminately. When the Emeryville-based company sees Frisbee used to describe discs made by other manufacturers, lawyers dispatch legal notices seeking to protect the trademarked term. fading sun at low tide teeth marks in an old frisbee by Michael Dylan Welch,

XVIII.3 If you want to know how the Frisbee got its name (hint. a bunch of Yalies were tossing pie tins from the Frisbie Pie Co. and yelling warnings), The Ultimate [Frisbee] Handbook has the scoop, in a piece called

By Jeff McMahon. More interesting for lovers of the sport of litigation, is the untold story of the unheralded and unrequited co-inventor of the frisbee, Warren Franscioni. McMahon opens the tale. Two men held a circle of plastic over a heater in a San Luis Obispo garage in 1948, trying to mold a lip onto the discs down-turned edge. One of those men would be hailed as the inventor of the Frisbee. The other would die unknown, just as he began to fight for a share of the credit and millions in royalties the Frisbee generated. Morrison, now 87-years old, says he wont answer questions about Franscioni, because Im so tired of this shit. Coszette Eneix, Franscionis daughter, says she cringes whenever she hears the name frisbee (which should be called

) and wont let one in her home. She complains. When you read about the history of the Frisbee, you always hear Fred Morrison. Fred Morrison did this. Fred Morrison did that. Bullshit. Excuse my language. Bullshit. It was Warren Franscioni and Fred Morrison. It was a partnership. I think they should have equal billing. Im a bit surprised that Franscionis family let the death of the Air Force major keep them from suing for millions of dollars in royalties. Legal experts in the field (and on the playground) will have to let us know whether it is too late to see compensation. In the morning, Im going to dig out an old plastic flying saucer. But, for tonight, Im satisfied savoring a few frisbee-ku cooked up on the spur of the moment today by our friendly, famously prolific, Honored Guest Ed Markowski. frisbee tournament the sudden dip of a red dragonfly ufo photo the chipped edge of a silver frisbee Roswell a Pluto Platter hovers on the desert wind mid-summer heat the retriever watches the flight of a frisbee Starship reunion the frisbees flight triggers a flashback .. by ed markowski Fred Morrison as a frisbee-promoting Spaceman (from

Although flying discs have been used since ancient times, the modern version originated in the mid-1900s when college students flew popcorn can lids and also empty pie tins from the Frisbee Baking Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Wham-O trademarked the name Frisbee in 1957, and the rest is history.

Philo Copenhagen's gallery of frisbees promoting world championships, TV programs, movies, tournaments, food items, [more]

One of the longest running fads (and certainly among the most popular) is the Frisbee. A Frisbee is a plastic disk about the size of a dinner plate thrown between players by a flip of the wrist. Frisbees have become a staple on college campuses, beaches and parks since its invention in the 1950s.

Lthough tossing discs for play have been part of ancient Greek culture for ages, the craze hit the United States in the 1950s. It is debatable who first invented the Frisbee. Legend has it that pie pans used at the Frisbie Baking Company in Bridgeport, Connecticut had been tossed around by employees since the late 1930's. Workers, during their during breaks would toss the pans back and forth in different manners and the company reported apparently customers began doing the same as the company more than 5,000 pans were not returned by customers during the 1940's. Others stories focus on a Yale University student named Elihu Frisbie helped to introduce pie pan flinging to the University campus. The game soon began appearing on other college campuses on the East Coast in the spring of 1957, especially popular amongst Ivy League schools.

However, it was Walter Frederick Morrison (a building inspector) and his friend Warren Franscioni who in 1948 perfected the toy and created a company (Partners in Plastic) which patented it and began producing them. The initial prototypes were made of metal but the version the introduced to the public was made of smooth plastic. Taking advantage of the famous Roswell UFO sighting and the UFO hysteria which followed, they called the toy a Flying Saucer and began marketing it to a UFO obsessed public. In 1951, after initial sales slowed, Franscioni left the company and Morrison designed a new version of the toy that he called the Pluto Platter and sold for 59 cents. A few years later, Morrison gave a demonstration of the toy that was observed by the founders of the Wham-o Manufacturing Company. In 1957, Wham-o bought the rights to the toy and in 1959 re-christened it the Frisbee (in deference to the East Coast familiar term). With such a fun toy, the Frisbee faced numerous imitators, including the Scalo and the Space Saucer but none rivaled the success of the original.

In addition to the fun provided by the toy, many users were amazed with its ability to travel great distances in a controlled manner and at various speeds. The scientific principle behind the toy was that the airfoil design would make use of the air currents as it moved through the air, while the spinning, gyro motion of the toy would help to provide stability during the flight. Thrown with a backhand flip, the toy could be thrown at great speeds and would often travel for up to 60 yards. Furthermore, with the proper spin, and thrown at the proper angle, the Frisbee could imitate a boomerang in returning to the thrower. The United States Navy was so impressed by the controlled flight offered by the toy that it experimented with its design and considered utilizing it for launching certain projectiles and flare devices (they abandoned the concept because of concern over weight issues).

The Frisbee has become part of formal sporting events and international associations. In 1957, students at Princeton University began playing a dangerous game called Guts Frisbee where they through around a rusty circular saw blade. Eventually Guts Frisbee evolved into a game where a competitor would take a normal plastic Frisbee and attempt to throw it as hard as possible at another competitor, challenging him to be able to catch it. In 1972, a World Guts Frisbee Championship was held in Michigan, with competitors from around the world coming to take part. While Guts Frisbee gained a lot of attention, other games soon developed that caused wide-spread interest in expanding the toy into a competitive tool. Most well known of those were Frisbee Golf (where participants would move along a course attempting to throw the Frisbee as close to a goal in as few attempts as possible) and Ultimate Frisbee (which mimicked American football, with players passing the Frisbee from person to person until it reached the end zone, while the opposing team attempted to intercept it). In 1975, Wham-O started the World Frisbee Disc Championships which seemed to be akin to Olympic games for Frisbee players with distance throwing and catching, Frisbee Golf and dog catch competitions.

Although originally overshadowed by the Hula Hoop in 1958, the Frisbee has maintained popular status though the past four decades with an estimated two hundred million sold.

We have lived in Kittery Point for almost 4 years and enjoyed the proximity of Frisbee's Market, their wonderful assortment of wines, meats, etc. Whatever we need they have! It is great to do business with local people that really care about their customers. Care enough to know us. Support your local merchant - Stop by and see Frank and his crew.

I first saw this product at the dog park and was interested in finding a frisbee for my blue healer that would NOT cause friction like the soft bite floppy disc we have been using. This friction cause by the nylon weave files her cannine teeth and because she loves frisbee so much we play 5 to 7 days a week for excercise. I have taught over 300 plus dogs over the past few years frisbee with this soft bite mentioned above and figured when I saw this frisbee by called Zisc by West Paw Design.I thought it would do well since the guy who was tossing it to his dog let me try it..It does fly well.but, because of its heavy weight and square edge..the dogs have a very very low percentage of catches because this Zisc bounces right out of their mouth upon impact during the catch.unless the dog catches it with the perfect angle.speed.etc. My dog is an AMAZING athlete and can catch the soft bite nylon fabric frisbee no matter how it is throw.she even flips backwards if the wind catches it and take it back..but, with the Zisc if the wind catches it and takes it back then the Zisc drops like a heavy anvil and hits the dogs mouth with too much force. Also, due to its design it is difficult for the dog to pick up on firm surfaces. This frisbee lost its luster within 20 minutes my dog did not want to play with it. I tried again the next day and the same thing happened my dog made several attempts to catch it and due to the low percentage of successful catches.she would drop the Zisc and walk away from it..which is absolutely unheard of with my blue healer.this dog will play and retrieve until my arm wears out. My dog and I tried the KONG one finally after having problem with the Zisc..the Kong one is shaped better.fly's better..at she is able to catch it without it bouncing out of her mouth..KONG offers a smaller thinner version for puppies which is the one she seems to like the best.it is lighter and more supple and she is back to making dramatic aerial catches again. Maybe it is due to the fact that she has a smaller mouth then a lab or a golden and maybe this Zisc works better with a bigger dog with a larger more powerful mouth..my healer is only 45 lbs.so that is something to consider. I noticed personally throwing the Zisc that the outer edge bends too much during my throw and when the dogs siliva gets on it.it tends to slip out. I thing the material it is made out of is only semi durable because I bought one of the balls too and my other dog.Aussie Sheperd took little chunks out of it within 10 minutes of playing and chewing on it. I have NO AFFILIATION with KONG.but, I find their material to be way more durable, but only in that snowman shape original toys...that's my opinion and my experience.good luck finding the right toy for your dog. Brian O'Hara, Northern California

We gave our 63 lb, 3 1/2 year old, Golden Doodle Quincy, lots of stuff for Christmas. We just finished a Christmas day walk and took his New Tangerine Disc. Once started he would not stop going for it. Carried it all the way home in his mouth. Such a tough fun frisbee toy. Throws easily and lets him grab it in his mouth with more flexibility, even off the ground. Can't wait for the beach with it. Next up is trying his new Hurley.

This is the first frisbee toy that has survived playing with our Golden Retriever mix Teddy. He absolutely loves this toy, and walks around with it hanging out of his mouth, hoping we'll take him out to play. Teddy likes his frisbees taco-style, and this is is the first disc that's survived. (6 months and going strong)Some previous indestructible toys held up well until winter, when they became brittle. Zisc not only stayed flexible, but it self-washes in the snow, and now looks brand new again. Thanks for building a toy that lasts!

My chocolate Lab, Java, will puncture a plastic Frisbee on the first retrieve, and destroy it in a single throw session. After 15 months of throwing sessions, the Zisc is no longer in service, but only because it got lost in the yard by throwing in the dark. Unlike the the other Zogoflex toys, he does need to be supervised with this, as the center can be punctured or torn. This is not a design flaw, but a result of needing to make the disc so it actually flies without breaking your arm throwing it!

I got this for my dad's dog, Casey. Was unsure what to expect. I'm surprised to see some bad reviews because Casey is a young, very tough chewer and she has now had her zisc for about 8 months, and besides a few non-harmful scratches and some doggy slobber, it's in perfect condition! Frisbees I've gotten her in the past were hard plastic and caused her mouth to bleed or she chewed to pieces in a matter of seconds. She carries this in and out of the house herself. She loves it and it's one of her favorite toys. I'm here to see what else I can get her similar to the zisc for christmas. I would recommend it 110 percent. And I'm not one to usually take the time to leave reviews

We purchased two other zogo products and our two labs loved them and could not destroy them. However, this frisbee met the same fate as most every other toy we have ever purchased. destroyed within minutes. They are aggressive chewers, though. It is very thin (so that it can fly), but that allowed them to puncture and tear it very quickly. I wished I would have remembered that we could return it. We'll still continue buying the other zogo products though!

Our Aussie is a frisbee addict and so we were thrilled to find this disc--you can huck it far, it's soft on her mouth, and she LOVES it. Unforunately, she bit a whole right through the middle within three days and in a week the ENTIRE middle of the frisbee is gone. Not much left for the company to recycle into a new disc--but I'll send it back anyway for my new one.)

I purchased this flying disc approx 4 months ago. At the time, our 6 month Border Collie had been chewing through almost a frisbee a day. We tried floppy discs, hard discs, and discs made specifically for dogs. Every disc was chewed up quickly. This disc is awesome. It is by far our dogs favorite toy and except for a minor puncture the disc is still in good condition. I suggest the orange color due to dogs eyesite is best at seeing. On a side note - Parker (Border Collie) can fold it in his mouth so it looks like giant lips as he runs around the yard and has been very adept at catching and can catch like a NFL wide receiver being able to catch over his shoulder - Touch Down!

My border collie Lizzie absolutely loves her frisbee. We adopted her recently and the frisbee came with her. I personally like it b/c it's easier to throw than a regular frisbee - making it easier for Lizzie to catch it in her mouth. She loves this thing and guards it with her life at the dog park. She has even learned to paw at it a certain way to get it to stand up so she can grab it with her mouth and give it to me in my hand. We'll definitely be order more b/c heaven forbid we lose it or tear it! It would be like the scene out of Best in Show. WHERE'S BUSY BEE!!!???.)

My dog Bosco tore out the middle of the frisbee in fifteen minutes flat. He's definitely an aggresive chewer though and tends to bit through most things pretty quick. Will send in for a new one and see if it does better. One a brighter note, the ball is still going strong.

This is an awesome toy. I have a very active German Shepard named Bear. He has destroyed every other toy. His favorite game is catching the frisbee and well when he got this one he was to excited. He lives for this toy. I love it too since it is very durable. If you are thinking about getting this one do not hesitate it is worth it... Love the product.

My 7 month old yellow lab pup LOVES frisbees and can destroy the hard plastic ones instantly. Well we went to a local pet store and found Zogoflex which I heard great things on. We walked away for 20 minutes to come back to it being destroyed after having it only 3 days. What can I say she loves her frisbee and we will send it in to get a new one!

I found this product at a local outdoor specialty store. My dog loves to play frisbee/fetch but manages to destroy a standard plastic frisbee in no time flat (usually within a day). This disk is rubbery and has survived my dog for over a month now with no tears or teeth holes at all! It is well worth the investment and I am looking at buying more for gifts for my friends dogs. I highly recommend this product!!!

We have bought many frisbees in Taco's lifetime, but this was the first he ever caught in the air. Usually our pit bull/lab mix only goes for tennis balls, but he really loved this frisbee. Unfortunately, he just ripped it up BUT it lasted longer than any of the others we bought. This frisbee takes a lot of abuse before it finally submits. Worth the money for the enjoyment you and your dog will get out of it.

My son has a 2 year old choc lab that LOVES to chew. He loves to play frisbee but usually destroys one in a short time. i bought him one of these and it lasted for a few weeks before it got made a slit in the center area of it. After that he could just pull it apart in no time. I was somewhat disappointed. I thought it would be much stronger and last longer than it did.

My 10 month old yellow lab plays with this frisbee for at least 3 hours every day. She used to get bored of chasing a ball or a stick, but she will retrive this frisbee until my arm hurts! It is her absolute favorite toy, and I am going to buy 3 more for myself - I never want to be stuck without one! Best $13 I ever spent!

I have a 3 year old chocolate lab named Logan who loves playing catch with a frisbee. The Zisc has become his favorite water retrieving toy. It's very durable, soft on his mouth and teeth, and easy to throw. I often have other dog owners asking where I got such a great frisbee!

This is a great frisbee and it is my German Shepherd's favorite toy (besides rocks). I purchased the frisbee this summer along with the Zogoflex bone toy. He has ripped a hole in the frisbee, but we still play with it. Unfortunately, this is not an indestructible toy.

I have finally found the perfect frisbee for my Boxer, Austin!!! He's not only an aggressive chewer, but loves playing chase with my other boxer. They constantly play tug-of-war with this frisbee and it has yet to be destroyed! Every other brand, style, fabric has fallen to pieces, but this one is super durable and easy on his mouth, since he loves fetching both on land and water! I love it and have bought 3 at our local dog wash store, in case I lose one!

I was really hoping that my dog would NOT be able to demolish this toy. She's a big chewer, and this one held up longer than others. But once she got a rip in it, she no longer wanted to fetch it, she just wanted to chew it. I guess it turned into a chew toy instead of a frisbee.

Not only is this toy made of the Dog Proof Zogoflex which makes it indestructible, but it's gentle on my dog's mouth. Plastic frisbees end up getting sharp edges and even break, cutting my dog's gums and lips. Not this toy. Shadeaux can catch it all day long and she and the toy show no signs of harm. My black labrador is quite possibly the most determined and destructive dog in the world. This is her second toy from West Paw Design made of Zogoflex and I'll be back for more. Her first was the Hurley which is still taking her abuse.

Saving money with the Zisc. Montana is a 3 year old Australian Cattle Dog/Blue Heeler mix who lives in Denver with his owner, Ken. Ken had given up on buying dog frisbee's for Montana when the habit became too expensive -. more

Very often you will find that all of the best promotional items to give away as a marketing ploy are the fun ones. This is why we believe that Frisbee flyers are the ideal tool for this purpose. There low cost makes them ideal when large quantities are required as well as the customizable aspect of them. True Imprint provide a large selection of customizable Frisbee flyers including fold up nylon, plastic, inflatable, foam, stretchable. the list is endless! Many companies find that these promotional Frisbees are ideal for targeting people at trade shows, company outings and picnics, and trade shows. Among the various methods we use of imprinting your company name or logo onto the Frisbee are screen printing, pad printing and hot stamping and all this can be achieved by also using a variety of colors. Imagine the next time some of your clients are out and about, having fun. they could be playing with a Frisbee that has your company details emblazoned all over it – imagine the exposure!

What effect does the rim of a fisbee have on its flight? The primary purpose of the rim on a frisbee is to create an airfoil with a deep curvature. When you throw a frisbee, the edge of it comes in contact with the air. As the air flows over the top of the frisbee, it speeds up and the pressure drops. This creates lift. A frisbee without a a rim can still fly, but it won't fly as well as one with a rim. A completely flat disk will fly but the angle of attack becomes more of a factor as to how well it flies. A disk without a rim will be less stable in flight. You can try a simple experiment to see what role the rim plays in the flight of the frisbee. Try to fly a frisbee upside down, then compare your results to throwing a frisbee in the conventional way.

A private group brought 15,000 Frisbees, 10,000 school supplykits and three tons of medical supplies to Camp Pendleton on Wednesdayto be given to Iraqis when Marines return to Iraq in comingweeks. Jim Hake, of the Los Angeles-based Spirit of America, saidthe supplies, purchased with donations, were aimed at breakingdown barriers between Iraqis and the

2003 Ashley Whippet Canine Frisbee Disc World Championships official fastback. -Blue and green out of stock. Only available with a red paw print.

Im not sure which is more alarming the unprecedented regulatory framework suggested in this document or the constitutional conundrum that this process represents, Simmons said. To paraphrase Justice Antonin Scalia giving EPA the authority to regulate greenhouse gasses as this rule seeks to do would bring everything from Frisbees to flatulence under the regulatory authority of unelected and unaccountable bureaucrats without so much as a vote in the Congress. The economic consequences of this rulemaking are severe and would deliver a crushing blow to domestic energy production at a time when energy prices are crippling American families. For the sake of our economy, this comment period should continue indefinitely.

We choose dog toys based on dog appeal, durability, safety and originality. These toys perform and are not boring, mass-market dog toys. Dog balls, tug toys, frisbees and flying dog toys, motivation and training toys, toys that talk, and toys to make you (and your dog) laugh!

We are not for sure that a guy at Yale, who was first throwing around plates through the halls and just being a jerk, invented the frisbee. The one thing we do know is that while he was being a jerk someone yelled "Frisb.ee.ee" to warn somebody that their head was about to be dented if he didn't move. But why "Frisbee"? Because a company called Frisbee Baking Company made the pies that were on the flying disks. Of course they were eaten before the plates were thrown around.

Okay, here's the thing though. Other colleges are saying that they were the place where the frisbee was once invented, including Princeton, Dartmouth, and Amherst. There is even a statue of a dog catching a frisbee in mid-air at Middlebury college in Vermont to celebrate the claim that a group of Middlebury boys discovered the Frisbee on a road trip to Nebraska in 1938. They somehow got a flat tire and started to play with a empty pie plate because of boredness. It was destiny or so-called.

But there is still all the others who THINK they invented the frisbee. Like the Yallies still say they did it first and just so you know some of these dates that they say they invented it, go back as far as the 1820's. I mean your great grandparents were probably not even born by then.

Anyway, we are pretty sure that the frisbee was born in 1948 by Walter Morrison, a building inspector in California, who made plastic pie tins he used to throw. He named his first frisbee "Rotary Fingernail Clipper", which didn't attract the public one bit. Then hoping to make something, he changed the name to "Pluto Platter" with even stamped instructions to it saying, "Flat flip flies straight. Tilted flip curves. Play catch. Invent games." But he still wasn't a rich man. That didn't come until 1957 when two USC grads named Rich Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin paid him $1,000,000 for his invention. WOW, that's a lot of money!

In the 60's the frisbee made its mark. It became one of the greatest toys for people sold by Wham-O.

Since then the frisbee has been used for all kinds of things including a sport. A rather fun one I must say. People throw frisbees for dogs and just for an energy-wasting fun game. Try it!

Their big break came in 1955, when they met Walter Morrison, who in 1948 had co-invented a plastic flying disc called the Flyin' Saucer. Morrison and his partner later split, and Morrison redesigned the disc, calling it the Pluto Platter. By any name it sold poorly, but Wham-O saw potential. It inked a licensing deal with Morrison and rechristened his disc the Frisbee (which may have been a reference to the Frisbie Pie Co., whose tins were tossed about by Ivy Leaguers). Immediately popular at Eastern universities, the Frisbee soon went national. By 1957 several million had been sold, and Wham-O had entered the fad field. But fads can be fickle, as Wham-O discovered with the Hula Hoop, which debuted in 1958. Melin demonstrated it on California playgrounds, and it spread like the measles, becoming the biggest American fad of all time. Within four months, 25 million hoops had been sold--about $30 million worth--but not all by Wham-O. copycats were rampant. By year-end the craze had flamed out (one headline declared HOOPS HAVE HAD IT), leaving Wham-O with millions of surplus hoops and a $10,000 loss. With similar boom-bust cycles and knockoff competitors plaguing subsequent Wham-O products such as the SuperBall and Silly String--along with occasional duds, like instant-grow fish eggs--the firm's finances seesawed wildly. According to the Wall Street Journal, a 1962 profit of $370,000 was followed by a $425,000 loss in 1963 and a $387,000 profit in 1964. Black ink finally outweighed red, thanks to the enduring Frisbee, which Wham-O promoted as a sport, Ultimate Frisbee. Knerr and Melin (who passed away in 2002) sold Wham-O to the Kransco Group Cos. for $12 million in 1982. Mattel owned Wham-O for a spell, and now private investors do, but it still turns out iconic toys, including the Hacky Sack footbag and, yes, Slip 'N Slide. As for the lawsuit (the defendants had no comment), Knerr hadn't heard of it. Or of the movie either. "Must have been a flop."

As you begin to move a Frisbee forward, the air in front of the Frisbee splits to flow either over the Frisbee or under it. Because of the Frisbee's shape and the angle at which it's held, the air that flows over the Frisbee has a longer distance to travel and arrives late at the back of the Frisbee. The air flowing under the Frisbee reaches the back first and initially flows upward, around the rear surface of the Frisbee. But once the Frisbee is moving fairly rapidly, this funny upward-flowing tail of air blows away from the back of the Frisbee. As it leaves, it draws the air flowing over the Frisbee with it and speeds that air up. As a result, the air over the Frisbee travels faster than the air under the Frisbee. But the airs above and below the Frisbee have the same amounts of total energy per gram. Since the faster moving air above the Frisbee has more kinetic energy than the slower moving air below the Frisbee, the air above the Frisbee must have less of some other form of energy than the air below the Frisbee. In fact, the air above the Frisbee has less pressure potential energy than the air below itthe air pressure above the Frisbee is less than that below the Frisbee. And since the pressure pushing on the bottom surface of the Frisbee is greater than the pressure pushing on the top surface of the Frisbee, there is a net upward pressure force on the Frisbee. This upward pressure force balances the downward weight of the Frisbee and keeps the Frisbee from falling.

The correct way to throw a boomerang is overhand and, unlike a Frisbee, in a nearly vertical plane. (Usually the ideal angle is about 15 from vertical.) The boomerang is essentially a rotating airplane wing, and its shape produces lift using the Bernoulli effect in the same way an airplane wing does. But when it is thrown, notice that the top blade of the boomerang is moving faster through the air than the bottom blade, because of the rotation. This results in there being more lift on the top blade than on the bottom. From a right-handed thrower's perspective, there is a lift up and to the left, more so at the top than at the bottom. The upward lift is what keeps the boomerang in the air. You might think the leftward twist flips the boomerang over, but wait! The boomerang is also a flying gyroscope. Leaning the gyroscopic boomerang over results in its turning to the left, much the same way that leaning a moving bicycle leftward toward the horizontal causes the front wheel to turn and not fall over. (This is also why spinning tops start to slowly turn their axis of rotation when they lean, a process called "precession".) The boomerang doesn't flip over, but instead turns its axis of rotation around in a large horizontal circle, and it comes back to you. After a moment's thought, you might wonder whether helicopters suffer the same effect. (How would a boomerang fly if thrown in a horizontal plane?) In fact, they do, and there is a tendency to pitch the helicopter upward (tip the nose up) precisely from this same effect, which the pilot instinctively corrects for.(Thanks to Prof. Paul Draper, from the Physics Department of the University of Texas at Arlington, for writing this explanation.)

In 1871, in the wake of the Civil War, William Russell Frisbie moved from Bransford, Connecticut, where his father, Russell, had operated a successful grist mill, to Bridgeport, Connecticut. Hired to manage a new bakery, a branch of the Olds Baking Company of New Haven, he soon bought it outright and named it the Frisbie Pie Company (363 Kossuth Street). W. R. died in 1903 and his son, Joseph P., manned the ovens until his death in 1940. Under his direction the small company grew from six to two hundred and fifty routes, and shops were opened in Hartford, Connecticut. Poughkeepsie, New York. and Providence, Rhode Island. His widow, Marian Rose Frisbie, and long-time plant manager, Joseph J. Vaughn, baked on until August 1958 and reached a zenith production of 80,000 pies per day in 1956. In this otherwise simple baking operation we find the origin of the earliest Frisbee! Now the company offered a variety of bakery goodies, including pies and cookies, and therein resides the roots of the controversy. For there are two crusty schools concerning Frisbee's origins. the Pie-Tin School and the Cookie- Tin School, each camp holding devoutly to its own argument. The Pie-Tin School. The pie-tin people claim Yale students bought Frisbie's pies (undoubtedly a treat in themselves) and tossed the prototype all over Eli's campus. These early throwers would exclaim "Frisbie" to signal the catcher. And well they might, for a tin Frisbee is something else again to catch. The Cookie-Tin School. Now the cookie tin people agree on these details save one. they insist that the true, original prototype was the cookie-tin lid that held in the goodness of Frisbie's sugar cookies. Walter Frederick Morrison Walter Frederick Morrison, the son of the inventor of the automotile sealed-beam headlight, returned home after World War II, finishing his European campaign as a prisoner in the now famous Stalag 13. He worked for a while as a carpenter, but like his father, he had an inventive mind. The time was 1948. flying saucers from outer space were beginning to capture people's imagination. Why not turn the concern into a craze? As a Utah youth, he scaled pie tins, paint-can lids, and the like. He remembered those pleasurable moments and his mind turned to perfecting the pie tin into a commercial product. First, he welded a steel ring inside the rim to improve the plate's stability, but without success. In a surge of serendipity, he adopted the child of the times--plastic. Plastic was the ideal stuff for Frisbee, It seems impossible to imagine anything better. And, perhaps, Frisbee is plastic's finest form. Initially, Morrison used a butyl stearate blend. He recalls. "It worked fine as long as the sun was up, but then the thing got brittle, and if you didn't catch it, it would break into a million pieces!" The original Morrison's Flyin' Saucer was his accurate vane model, named for the six topside curved spoilers (vanes). They were designed to improve lift by facilitating the Bernoulli principle, which they didn't. Curiously, the spoilers were on backwards. that is, they would theoretically work only for a counterclockwise spin. The Pluto Platter In 1951 Morrison vastly improved his model and the design, unchanged, served as Wham-O's legendary Pluto Platter. The Pluto Platter is the basic design for all succeeding Frisbees. Credit Fred Morrison for his farsightedness. The outer third of the disc, his fundamental design feature, is appropriately named the Morrison Slope. The Morrison Pluto Platter has the first true cupola (cabin in Morrison's terms). The UFO influence colored the design. The cabin had portholes! The planet ring hinted at an extraterrestrial origin. Wham-O Rich Knerr and A. K."Spud" Melin fresh from the University of Southern California were making slingshots in their fledgling toy company when they first saw Morrison's flying saucers whizzing around southern California beaches. They were interested in this exciting simple thing that employed the basic principles of physics, primary ingredients in all their products to come. In late 1955, they cornered Morrison while he was hawking his wares and tying up traffic on Broadway in downtown Los Angeles. Just before he was asked to break it up by the local gendarmerie, the dynamic duo invited his to their San Gabriel factory and made him a proposition. Thus, fling saucers landed on the West Coast in San Gabriel, and on January 13, 1957, they began to fly out from a production line that has since sent over one hundred million sailing all over the globe. "At first the saucers had trouble catching on," Rich Knerr reminisces, "but we were confident they were good, so we sprinkled them in different parts of the country to prime the market." On a trip to the campuses of the Ivy League, Knerr first heard the term "Frisbee." Harvard students said they'd tossed pie tins about for years, and called it Frisbie-ing. Knerr liked the terms Frisbie and Frisbie-ing, so he borrowed them. Having no idea of the historical origins, he spelled the saucer "Frisbee", phonetically correct, but one vowel away from the Frisbie Pie Company. Today "Frisbee" is a regsitered trademark of Mattel (www. mattel. com).

From. Frisbee, A Practitioner's Manual and Definitive TreatiseBy. Stancil E. D. Johnson, M. D.Workman Publishing Company231 East 51 StreetNew York, New York 10022July, 1975ISBN us.

Reports on the installation of a Huss Giant Frisbee amusement ride at two Japanese amusement parks. Seating capacity of the ride. Operational.

One of the most basic outdoor games you can play is frisbee. A frisbee is a round, disc shaped object that is really simple to throw through the air. Kids as well as adults have been playing with frisbees for decades and those that want to take it to the next level have sports like Ultimate Frisbee and Frisbee Golf to challenge themselves. Lots of owners of dogs like to go to the park and throw a frisbee for their dog to retrieve. The traditional frisbees are a solid disc shape and are great for tricks like spinning on your fingers or kicking with your foot. The newer, more aerodynamic frisbees like the Aerobie can certainly fly a lot further, but they lack the design to make them good frisbees for freestyle or trick use. Discraft and Wham-O frisbees are some of the best selling per several of the websites we visited online that sell frisbees.

A great place to throw a frisbee is down at the beach. The winds usually create some exciting throws as the frisbee darts and dives with the air currents. Part of the fun of playing frisbee is to see if you can make catches on throws from your partner that aren't that stellar. As you begin to improve with regular catches, try moving on to behind the back, under the legs, or over the head. Even the throwing action from player to player if slighly different. Some people prefer a quick wrist snap to propel the frisbee forward, while others are more of an arm thrower. Most people take their arm and wrist and throw outwards from their stomach area. There are select frisbee players who have mastered the throw where their arm extends outward (sidearm) and they release their wrist the opposite way to get a good throw. One question that many people have when it comes to frisbees is "Which kind is the best for me?". If you are a recreational player, go with a basic Discraft or Wham-O frisbee, but if you need a more accurate throw while playing games like Disc Golf or Ultimate Frisbee, go with a product like the INNOVA Golf-Disc Coyote Champion ($20). Innova makes some great mid-range and high end frisbees that more advance players will appreciate. It's takes some practice to find out the best way to throw the frisbee and determine which is most comfortable for you. The most important thing is accuracy at first and then you can slowly gain distance as your technique improves. The longest recorded frisbee throw is over 1/4 mile using the Aerobie ring style frisbee which stays aloft much longer than traditional styled fribees. It's hard to play catch with a frisbee that goes that far, but they are fun to goof around with at your local park to see just how far you can throw them. Stick with the basic frisbee disc shape and learn tricks to make it fun. Another type of frisbee that kids love to use are the glow in the dark frisbees that let you play even when the sun goes down. The FlashFlight frisbees are even cooler in that they use a light-weight battery to power fiber optic cables that carry light beems throughout the frisbee making for the ultimate nighttime experience. Down below we have given you a few pointers on where to buy frisbees and what to expect in terms of cost. Most sporting goods stores carry them year round and you can always find them online at e-tailers like Frisbeeshop. org.

Wham-O is the brand name to go with if you are just starting out in the sport of frisbee throwing. They offer a variety of colors and designs to choose from and their Frisbee Classic disc is an excellent lightweight disc that is fairly easy to catch or throw. I prefer the Pro-Classic with U-Flex for the added weigth and ability to get a longer throw that is more consistent. Kids will find the Pro-Classic harder to catch as the additional weight comes in faster, so stick with the Frisbee Classic until they master the basic catch. As for adults, start with the Pro-Classic and you'll be fine. The Wham-O frisbees are almost all priced around $10 and the Dyn-O-Glo is an ideal gift for any youngster as it glows in the dark.

When it comes to getting the most distance from your frisbee, it's hard to beat an Aerobie. An Aerobie frisbee is made with soft rubber unlike traditional frisbees manufactured with hard plastic. Also, the interior of an Aerobie frisbee is essentially hollow allowing the wind to really keep the frisbee in the air for a long time. The longest recorded throw (mentioned above) was in the air for over 30 seconds. Sound unbelievable? Trust me, these frisbees can stay up forever and if you don't have a large area to play with them, you may very well end up losing it over fences or into the street. The Aerobie Spring Ring flies twice as far as conventional discs. I have found that my daughter has an easier time catching an Aerobie disc than a conventional frisbee. She just puts up her arm and lets the frisbee come down her arm, kind of like a ring toss at the county fair. Discnation. com is an online store that carries Aerobie frisbees for less than $10 each.

Like most sports, the more advanced you become, the more you demand from the equipment. Frisbees are no different as experienced players want additional weight for longer, more accurate throws. Whether you are playing frisbee golf or ultimate frisbee (a sort of soccer/football style game), there are certain brands of frisbee that are better than others. The Sky-Styler 160G Freestyle Disc ($8) makes for perfect brushing and guiding. Lots of world champions in freestyle frisbee throwing contests have used this Discraft disc. For the best ultimate frisbee disc, check out the Super Nova 180G Ultimate Disc ($8) from Innova that weighs 180 grams. The additional weight lets you get a more stable throw that is well controlled.

We choose dog toys based on dog appeal, durability, safety and originality. These toys perform and are not boring, mass-market dog toys. Dog balls, tug toys, frisbees and flying dog toys, motivation and training toys, toys that talk, and toys to make you (and your dog) laugh!

Free PLR (private label content) to use on Frisbees. You can use this website content as long as the resource box is left intact.

A lot of weddings take place at the Picnic House in Prospect Park and some of them, apparently, leave behind wedding favors. For instance, these Carl Erin wedding frisbees. From a reader email. My housemate and his brother were walking towards The Long Meadow in Prospect Park when they came upon a sack of discarded frisbees which were apparently wedding favors from 2005. Are Carl and Erin still together? We hope they are.

Carl and Erin are much better looking in real life, for reals. Cherish that frisbee, they only gave out 2,500 of them. Seriously, Carl Erin are are an awesome couple. Ween sucks, btw.. )

Looking for a frisbee to play Ultimate, a light up disc to throw at night, an indestructible dog disc, or just a fun disc to play with in the yard or on the beach? We carry various Discraft Ultra Stars, declared the official disc for tournament play by the Ultimate Players Association, and the Innova Pulsar for Ultimate. We carry other recreational and freestyle discs from Discraft, Innova, Whamo and DiscPlayer. Check out the light up discs from Flashflight and Black Jax. also the Aerobie rings and boomerang. If you are looking for discs for Dodgebee, Double Disc Court (DDC) or GUTS, we have those too!

Home Buy Toys Flying Disc Nylon Folding Frisbees, Foldable Frisbee, Folding Frisbee, Nylon Frisbee, Promotion Nylon Frisbee

(DN-306) Nylon Folding Frisbees, Foldable Frisbee, Folding Frisbee, Nylon Frisbee, Promotion Nylon FrisbeeFeatures. 1) Release size. 16 - 25cm 2) Folded diameter. 6cm 3) Materials. 190T nylon inner, steel loop 4) Favorable price 5) Includes small pouch Inner packing. 1pc/polybag Outer packing. 300pcs/ctn Carton dimensions. 31 x 31 x 31cm N. W.. 4.5kg G. W.. 4.9kg

Frisbee, Plastic Frisbee, Chinese Frisbee, Plastic Toy, Safe Frisbee, Promotion Frisbee, Promotion Plastic Frisbee

This Hemp Camping Frisbee is perfect for the casual player! Made from durable, environmentally friendly hemp. Shown in Navy Blue. Actual Color. New Colors Coming Soon

The Frisbee is an pendulum-motion amusement ride designed by HUSS Maschinenfabrik. The term is often used to describe similar rides built by other companies.

Giant Frisbee - The pendulum is extended to 19 metres, and is capable of swinging through a 240° arc. The gondola increases in size, and seats 50 riders, facing outward in suspended seats. The emphasis of the ride is more on the swinging motion than the spinning car.

Frisbee XL - Similar to the Giant Frisbee, the XL increases the swing arc to 260°, but seats only 40 outward-facing riders.

The success of the Huss Frisbee series has led to numerous other companies producing similar rides, of which the best known are the KMG Afterburner series, which has the same motion but with floorless seating. the Zamperla Discovery, which is similar to the Afterburner, and the Intamin Gyro Swing, which is very similar to the Huss Giant Frisbee.

Belgium - At least one Giant Frisbee. This operates under the name of Sledgehammer, at Bobbejaanland.

Germany - Frisbee Sidekickat the Moviepark, two mobile Frisbees Robrahn/Bremen (Prototyp) and Goetzke/Munich

Canada - At least two Frisbee rides, with one called Psyclone, at Canada's Wonderland Ontario, and second called Crazy Beach Party, at Playland, Vancouver, BC

United States - At least two Giant Frisbees. Delirium at Kings Island, maXair at Cedar Point. There are also at least six Frisbees. "Delirium at California's Great America,""Tazmanian Devil" at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Revolution at Six Flags Great America and at Dorney Park Wildwater Kingdom, The Claw at Hersheypark, Tomahawk at Six Flags New England, Frisbee at Six Flags Fiesta Texas, Xtreme Frisbee at Canobie Lake Park, and Frisbee at Adventureland in Farmingdale, New York. there is also a Frisbee in the infield of Daytona International Speedway.

India - At least one Giant Frisbee. This operates under the name of Side Winder, at Adventure Island, Rohini, India.

Spain - At least one Frisbee. This operates under the name of La Máquina, at Parque de atracciones, Madrid, Spain.

Get outside and get promoting. The outdoors and health and fitness are great vehicles for brand or message promotion. Our most popular products in this area are - Promotional Frisbees and Branded SunscreenThis range of Outdoor Promotional Products can all be branded with your logo or message - costs shown by clicking on products include 1 colour print and set up.

Branded Frisbee(click for more)A Branded Frisbee printed with your logo or message. This is our best selling.

One of the most basic outdoor games you can play is frisbee. A frisbee is a round, disc shaped object that is really simple to throw through the air. Kids as well as adults have been playing with frisbees for decades and those that want to take it to the next level have sports like Ultimate Frisbee and Frisbee Golf to challenge themselves. Lots of owners of dogs like to go to the park and throw a frisbee for their dog to retrieve. The traditional frisbees are a solid disc shape and are great for tricks like spinning on your fingers or kicking with your foot. The newer, more aerodynamic frisbees like the Aerobie can certainly fly a lot further, but they lack the design to make them good frisbees for freestyle or trick use. Discraft and Wham-O frisbees are some of the best selling per several of the websites we visited online that sell frisbees.

A great place to throw a frisbee is down at the beach. The winds usually create some exciting throws as the frisbee darts and dives with the air currents. Part of the fun of playing frisbee is to see if you can make catches on throws from your partner that aren't that stellar. As you begin to improve with regular catches, try moving on to behind the back, under the legs, or over the head. Even the throwing action from player to player if slighly different. Some people prefer a quick wrist snap to propel the frisbee forward, while others are more of an arm thrower. Most people take their arm and wrist and throw outwards from their stomach area. There are select frisbee players who have mastered the throw where their arm extends outward (sidearm) and they release their wrist the opposite way to get a good throw. One question that many people have when it comes to frisbees is "Which kind is the best for me?". If you are a recreational player, go with a basic Discraft or Wham-O frisbee, but if you need a more accurate throw while playing games like Disc Golf or Ultimate Frisbee, go with a product like the INNOVA Golf-Disc Coyote Champion ($20). Innova makes some great mid-range and high end frisbees that more advance players will appreciate. It's takes some practice to find out the best way to throw the frisbee and determine which is most comfortable for you. The most important thing is accuracy at first and then you can slowly gain distance as your technique improves. The longest recorded frisbee throw is over 1/4 mile using the Aerobie ring style frisbee which stays aloft much longer than traditional styled fribees. It's hard to play catch with a frisbee that goes that far, but they are fun to goof around with at your local park to see just how far you can throw them. Stick with the basic frisbee disc shape and learn tricks to make it fun. Another type of frisbee that kids love to use are the glow in the dark frisbees that let you play even when the sun goes down. The FlashFlight frisbees are even cooler in that they use a light-weight battery to power fiber optic cables that carry light beems throughout the frisbee making for the ultimate nighttime experience. Down below we have given you a few pointers on where to buy frisbees and what to expect in terms of cost. Most sporting goods stores carry them year round and you can always find them online at e-tailers like Frisbeeshop. org.

Wham-O is the brand name to go with if you are just starting out in the sport of frisbee throwing. They offer a variety of colors and designs to choose from and their Frisbee Classic disc is an excellent lightweight disc that is fairly easy to catch or throw. I prefer the Pro-Classic with U-Flex for the added weigth and ability to get a longer throw that is more consistent. Kids will find the Pro-Classic harder to catch as the additional weight comes in faster, so stick with the Frisbee Classic until they master the basic catch. As for adults, start with the Pro-Classic and you'll be fine. The Wham-O frisbees are almost all priced around $10 and the Dyn-O-Glo is an ideal gift for any youngster as it glows in the dark.

When it comes to getting the most distance from your frisbee, it's hard to beat an Aerobie. An Aerobie frisbee is made with soft rubber unlike traditional frisbees manufactured with hard plastic. Also, the interior of an Aerobie frisbee is essentially hollow allowing the wind to really keep the frisbee in the air for a long time. The longest recorded throw (mentioned above) was in the air for over 30 seconds. Sound unbelievable? Trust me, these frisbees can stay up forever and if you don't have a large area to play with them, you may very well end up losing it over fences or into the street. The Aerobie Spring Ring flies twice as far as conventional discs. I have found that my daughter has an easier time catching an Aerobie disc than a conventional frisbee. She just puts up her arm and lets the frisbee come down her arm, kind of like a ring toss at the county fair. Discnation. com is an online store that carries Aerobie frisbees for less than $10 each.

Like most sports, the more advanced you become, the more you demand from the equipment. Frisbees are no different as experienced players want additional weight for longer, more accurate throws. Whether you are playing frisbee golf or ultimate frisbee (a sort of soccer/football style game), there are certain brands of frisbee that are better than others. The Sky-Styler 160G Freestyle Disc ($8) makes for perfect brushing and guiding. Lots of world champions in freestyle frisbee throwing contests have used this Discraft disc. For the best ultimate frisbee disc, check out the Super Nova 180G Ultimate Disc ($8) from Innova that weighs 180 grams. The additional weight lets you get a more stable throw that is well controlled.

Water resistant LED glow light frisbees. Available in standard and mini sizes in red, green, blue and a colour phasing "Disco" model.

The Flashflight is a light-up glow frisbee that works great in the day and in the night. It's water resistant and is lit by one large nucleus LED which has 9 fibre-optic strands. It weighs 185g and has the exact same shape as the Discraft Ultrastar- it flies perfectly! If you're planning on making.

The Flashflight is a light-up glow frisbee that works great in the day and in the night. It's water resistant and is lit by one large nucleus LED which has 9 fibre-optic strands. It flies perfectly! If you're planning on making fake UFO footage or just having a good throwabout in the park.well,.

This Disco Flashflight phases through 6 colours. Red, Green, Blue, Orange, Purple and multi-colour. The Flashflight is a light-up glow frisbee that works great in the day and in the night. It's water resistant and is lit by one large nucleus LED which has 9 fibre-optic strands. It weighs 185g and.

Welcome to Ultimate Frisbee Store. com. We offer the latest in ultimate frisbee products from Discraft, Innova, Wham-o and more! Please feel free to browse our store.

In the first two weeks of January, Jim Hake of Pacific Palisades, Calif., bought two tons of Frisbees with the word friendship emblazoned on them in English and Arabic. He is the founder of Spirit of America, an Internet-based nonprofit that provides U. S. military and civilian personnel with items they can give to aid peace and friendship in hot spots abroad. Hake, MBA '83, was inspired by an Army Special Forces unit that made friends with villagers in a remote area of Afghanistan after giving baseball gloves and bats to local children. When Hake met with Marines at Camp Pendleton last year, they suggested Frisbees were an ideal gift to use on their tours of duty in Iraq. When you first throw a Frisbee, it can go anywhere, which also generates a few smiles and enables the Marines to have the kind of interaction that builds trust, said Hake, who also has raised funds for dental supplies, soccer jerseys, and musical instruments for Kurdish villages in Northern Iraq where music had been outlawed. Spirit of America's infrastructure is financed by Hake from funds from the sale of Global Information Infrastructure, a business that produced Internet content for businesses in the Internet's early days. Using the Internet now, Hake matches requests that come mostly from military personnel with Americans willing to donate cash or supplies. GSB alums should have no trouble believing Hake can build a lasting organization. He is the founder of Friends of Arjay Miller (FOAM for short and possibly also for beer), one of the longest-lived student clubs at the School. Previous Spreadsheet|| Next Spreadsheet